Pain and loss of motion, the results of rotator cuff tears, can be disabling. Initially, treatment is conservative, but surgical repair may be indicated after failed nonoperative management. Rotator cuff anatomy is reviewed in this article as well as clinical and radiographic assessment of the patient with presumed rotator cuff pathology. Nonoperative and surgical treatment strategies are outlined. The rate of motion and functional recovery after repair is presented on the basis of a prospective study. Although most patients are able to perform work and daily activities 3 months after surgery, motion recovery can continue for at least a year.