The expression of adhesion molecules by cells of the small intestinal mucosa was compared in gut biopsies from children with autoimmune small intestinal enteropathy and normal controls and related to HLA-DR expression by the same tissue. Jejunal biopsies were stained by IFL with monoclonal antibodies to LFA-1 (TS1/22 and GDI 1a/25.3.1) and ICAM-1 (RR1/1 and 84H10) molecules. LFA-1 and ICAM-1 positive cells were observed in the lamina propria in all cases and the counts were increased in autoimmune enteropathy compared with controls. In addition, in 4 of 7 cases of autoimmune enteropathy crypt enterocytes were positives for ICAM-1 when stained with RR1/1 and 3 of the 4 were also positive for LFA-1 when stained with both LFA-1 reagents.We speculate on the role of adhesion molecule expression in autoimmune enteropathy.