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Improved Design Liquid Helium Temperature Regulator Using Operational Amplifier Circuits

 

作者: G. I. Rochlin,  

 

期刊: Review of Scientific Instruments  (AIP Available online 1970)
卷期: Volume 41, issue 1  

页码: 73-81

 

ISSN:0034-6748

 

年代: 1970

 

DOI:10.1063/1.1684284

 

出版商: AIP

 

数据来源: AIP

 

摘要:

We describe a liquid helium temperature regulator of unusually simple design, operation, and construction utilizing miniature solid state operational amplifiers. The combination of a unique saturating amplifier and an analog multiplier type of cross‐correlation phase detection circuit eliminates fast risetime signals and switching transients, enabling the regulator to be used in a low noise shielded environment. The circuit is of the conventional ac Wheatstone bridge type using a carbon resistance thermometer for the sensing element and providing a proportional heater feedback of >1 W to the bath. The balanced input circuitry has been optimized for thermometer resistances between 500 &OHgr; and 5 k&OHgr;, and the regulator is capable of detecting a temperature change of 30 &mgr;K at a thermometer power dissipation of <3×10−11W. Regulation of a superfluid4He bath to better than ±4 &mgr;K for periods greater than 30 min has been achieved at a thermometer power of <5×10−9W, with a response time of 0.1 sec. Owing to the high gain and broad bandwidth of this regulator, it is adaptable to a wide variety of other situations, such as a sample mounted on a copper block outside the bath, without encountering the usual problems of excessive power dissipation, instability, and thermal oscillations.

 

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