The authors consider sexual reproduction in Mediterranean Angiosperms and Gymnosperms and its connections with some environmental factors. Firstly it is examined the monthly distribution of the blooming periods: out of the 666 considered Angiosperm species, most of which remain in bloom over several months, 518 bloom during May and 495 during April, whilst less than 100 species bloom from September through February. It is then considered the reproductive cycle—from blooming to seed dispersal—which is very short in most of the plants. However the authors examine in detail also the cycles of species commonly considered representative for the Mediterranean area (Pinus halepensisMill.,P. pineaL., P.pinasterAiton,Quercus macrolepisKotschy,Q. suberL., Q.cocciferaL. andArbutus unedoL.), but in which the reproductive cycles last one year or more. It is also described a short cycle, the cycle ofCytinus hypocistisL. with its peculiar environmental devices.