Whilst the majority of individuals within a British white population are able to convert greater than 90% of their dietary-derived trimethylamine to its N-oxide, outliers exist who show varying degrees of impairment. Such individuals excrete unoxidized trimethylamine in their urine and, if sufficiently compromised, may experience malodour problems (Fish- Odour Syndrome). Little information concerning this polymorphicN-oxidation process is available in other ethnic groups and the present study explores Jordanian, Ecuadorian and New Guinean populations. Subjects with a relative deficiency inN-oxidation were found in all three groups, with 1.7% (2/116) Jordanian, 3.8% (3/80) Ecuadorian and 11.0% (11/100) New Guinean excreting 80% or less of their total trimethylamine as theN-oxide. Two subjects from the Ecuadorian population (4% and 33% total trimethylamine as theN-oxide) exhibited frank trimethylaminuria. These observations suggest that a compromised ability to N-oxidize trimethylamine is detectable in several ethnic groups and that this polymorphic phenomenon may have a widespread existence.