Rates and patterns of key‐press responding maintained under schedules in which responding resulted in intravenous injections of cocaine were studied in squirrel monkeys and rhesus monkeys. Each injection was followed by a 60‐ or 100‐sec timeout period. Schedule‐controlled behavior was obtained at appropriate cocaine doses in each species. Under FR 10 or FR 30 schedules, performance was characterized by high rates of responding (usually more than one response per second) in each ratio. Under FI 5‐min schedules, performance was characterized by an initial pause, followed by acceleration of responding to a final rate that was maintained until the end of the interval. Under multiple fixed‐ratio fixed‐interval schedules, rates and patterns of responding appropriate to each schedule component were maintained. Responding seldom occurred during timeout periods under any schedule studied. At doses of cocaine above or below those that maintained characteristic schedule‐controlled behavior, rates of responding were relatively low and patterns of responding were irregular. Characteristic fixed‐interval responding was maintained over a wider range of cocaine doses than characteristic fixed‐ratio responding. Complex patterns of responding controlled by discriminative stimuli under fixed‐ratio or fixed‐interval schedules can be maintained by cocaine injections in squirrel mon