A survey of the margarodidsEumargarodes laingiJakubski andPromargarodesspp. in sugarcane was carried out at Bundaberg, southeastern Queensland, Australia.E. laingicyst numbers were influenced by soil type; Promargarodes spp. numbers did not differ between soil types, but there were differences between cultivars. There were moreE. laingiandPromargarodesspp. cysts in older crops. The number of times the previous fallow was plowed and rotary hoed influencedE. lainginumbers, but notPromargarodesspp. numbers. There were fewerE. laingicysts after a long fallow, but crop rotations did not affectE. lainginumbers. There were trends to lowerPromargarodesspp. numbers after a long fallow or a sugarcane-rockmelon rotation. Fields treated with chlorpyrifos (emulsifiable concentrate) had lower numbers ofE. laingithan those treated with controlled release chlorpyrifos;Promargarodesspp. numbers were not influenced by insecticide applications. Soil pH and electrical conductivity, ripping during fallow, type of irrigation, and nematicides used did not affect numbers ofE. laingiorPromargarodesspp.