SummaryThe thorough ophtalmological examination of 125 former syphilis cases has shown us the following.1. 16,8 % of the cases examined had specific ocular lesions (17 % of the men and 16,6 % of the women).2. In 7,2 % of the cases (12,7 % of the men and 3,8 % of the women) an ocular lesion existed at the beginning of their treatment. These lesions were found cicatrised or fixed, in 66,6 % of the men and 100 % of the women. for the whole of the group in 77,7 % of the cases (group 1).3. Amongst patients with a visceral specific localization 18,2 % (25 % men and 14,2 % women) showed an ocular lesion (group 2).4. 8,3 % men and 20,8 % women (16,6 % of the whole) where the serology had heen long or impossible to negative or where the thorough examination of other organs had been negative (group 3) had an ocular lesion.5. 4,2 % only of latent secondary syphilis cases found negative and considered as cured (group 4) had ocular lesions already cicatrised.The ocular examination has a primary importance in all the stages of syphilis. Practised systematically it detects in time, active ocular lesions, permits retrospective diagnostics on the site of cicatrised or indelibel fixed lesions and associated with the precise investigation of other organs contributed to limit the field of the true seroresistance. For these various reasons the ophtalmologic examination deserves all the attention of the syphiligraph.