SYNOPSIS.After reviewing reports of the hosts, structure and life cycle ofToxoplasma, the genus is placed in the apicomplexan family Eimeriidae and the following 7 species are recognized:Toxoplasma gondii(Nicolle&Manceaux) (type species) from about 200 species of mammals and birds, with oocysts in felids;Toxoplasma alencari(Da Costa&Pereira) from the frogLeptodactylus ocellatus; Toxoplasma brumptiCoutelen from the iguanaIguana tuberculata; Toxoplasma colubriTibaldi from the snakesColuber melanoleucusandColuber viridiflavus; Toxoplasma hammondi(Frenkel&Dubey) (a new combination forHammondia hammondi) from the house mouse with oocysts in the domestic cat;Toxoplasma ranaeLevine&Nye from the leopard frogRana pipiens; andToxoplasma serpaiScorza, Dagert&Iturriza Arocha from the toadBufo marinus.