AbstractDecreased immune responses have been observed in hyperbilirubinemic patients. This study investigates bilirubin transport into human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs). In vitro incubation of PBMNCs at 37° with 0–12 mg/dl bilirubin in solution with a fixed bovine serum albumin (BSA) concentration (3.0 g/dl) resulted in a dose‐dependent increase of intracellular bilirubin in both monocytes and lymphocytes. Bilirubin uptake in monocytes was significantly higher (up to 2.7 times) than in lymphocytes under the same culture conditions. When PBMNCs were incubated with varying concentrations of bilirubin (0–16 mg/dl) in fixed BSA (3.0 g/dl) solution or at a fixed bilirubin/albumin molar ratio (0.4), the initial velocity of uptake in both cell fractions was proportional to the free (unbound to albumin) bilirubin concentration rather than the total bilirubin concentration. Bilirubin uptake by both cell fractions was significantly inhibited by treatment with metabolic inhibitors. Bilirubin uptake by monocytes continued to increase in parallel with incubation temperature from 0° to 40°, whereas uptake by lymphocytes reached a maximal level at 20° and remained constant thereafter. These results suggest that monocytes and lymphocytes incorporate bilirubin in proportion to the free bilirubin concentration and this function may rely on different energy‐dependent mechanisms.