AbstractFour hundred and ninety‐three patients were admitted to the Royal Darwin Hospital in 1980 with urinary tract disease. Aboriginals had an increased incidence (p<0.005) of urinary tract infection and glomerulonephritis (p<0.001) compared with non Aboriginals. Aboriginals with post‐streptococcal glomerulonephritis tended to grow Group A Beta hemolytic streptococci from their skins, non Aboriginals tended to grow it from their throats. Aboriginals had a lower incidence of urolithiasis (p