Two species of arthropods are described from the earliest Ordovician (Lancefieldian, La 1) Zone east of Lancefield in central Victoria some 60 km north of Melbourne.Corcorania trispinosagen. et sp. nov., with three prominent anterior head spines, seven trunk segments, a short distinctive posterior shield and large spinose appendages, is apparently unrelated to any previously known arthropod, fossil or living, and represents a new family (Corcoraniidae). Similarities between a small specimen ofCorcoraniaandMollisoniafrom the Burgess Shale are noted but no phylogenetic position forCorcoraniais proposed.Caryocaris stewartisp. nov. is described as a new phyllocarid distinguished by the various spines of its carapace and by the shape of its furcal rami.