INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY THE OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. FOUNDED 1877. INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER 1885 JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS. 1927. Registrar atid Secretary. PART V. Issued under the supervision of the Publications Committee. RICHARD B. PILCHER 30 RUSSELL SQUARE LONDON 1Y.C. 1. October 7927. Publications Commit tee 1927-28 JOCELYN F. THORPE (Chaivman) ARTHUR SMITH ELLS (Presidetit) H. C. L. BLOXAM A. J. CHAPMAN F. D. CHATTAWAY W. CLAYTON W. M. CUMMING J. C. DRUMMOND LEWIS EYNON I. M. HEILBRON H. H. HODGSON PATRICK H. KIRKALDY (Treasurer) A. W. KNAPP A. G. G. LEONARD THOMAS MACARA B. G. McLELLAN FRANK SOUTHERDEN. R. THOMAS D. F. TWISS J. A. WATSON. 221 Proceedings of the Council. AUGUST-OCTOBER 1927.Ju bike Celebration.-Notices of the arrangements so far determined for the Jubilee Celebration which will be held in London under the patronage of H.R.H. the Prince of Wales on Wednesday the 14th and Thursday the 15th December are being issued with this Part of the JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS. On Wednesday the 14th December 1927 at 8 p.m. a Conversazione will be held at the Wharncliffe Rooms Hotel Great Central Marylebone. Every member of the allied Chemical Societies and Institutions is cordially invited to attend the Conversazione and to bring a lady guest. Following a reception by the President and Council at 8 p.m. a programme of music will be provided and there will be dancing from 9.30 to 12. All who wish to attend are requested to return the card of acceptance issued for the purpose on or before Thursday the 1st December in order to facilitate the arrangements.Tickets will be sent in exchange and only ticket-holders can be admitted. On Thursday the 15th December from 10.30 a.m. until 12.30 p.m. at a Cinema in the West End of London films wiU be shown illustrating British Industries in which Chemistry is applied. Tickets will be obtainable by Fellows and Associates of the Institute and Members o€ the allied Chemical Societies and Institutions who indicate the number which they require on the card of acceptance. Also on Thursday the 15th December the Institute Jubilee Dinner to which a company of distinguished guests has been invited will be held at the Wharncliffe Rooms Hotel Great Central at 7 for 7.30 p.m.,-the President in the chair.The following Chemical Societies and Institutions have been invited to participate in the Jubilee Dinner which for this year w i l l take the place of the Annual Chemical Dinner:-The Chemical Society the Society of Chemical Industry the Society of Public Analysts the Bio-chemical Society the Oil and Colour Chemists’ Association the Society of Dyers and Colourists the International Club. 222 Society of Leather Trades’ Chemists (British Section) the Institution of Chemical Engineers and the Chemical Industry Members of the above societies and institutions and Fellows and Associates of the Institute who wish to be present are requested to complete the form of application for tickets (10s.6d. each) and to return it to the Registrar with the appropriate remittance at their earliest convenience. The accommodation is limited to 520. On Wednesday the rqth and Thursday the 15th December at 30 Russell Square London W.C. I. the premises of the Institute will be open from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. to Fellows and Associates of the Institute and to Members of the allied Chemical Societies and Institutions who are invited to make use of the headquarters of the Institute while in London and may have letters addressed there c/o The Registrar. Documents and portraits of historical interest particularly in connection with the foundation of the Institute will be exhibited in the Council Room. Streatfeitd Memorial Lecture.-Mr.0. F. Bloch has kindly consented to give the Tenth Streatfeild Memorial Lecture at the Royal Photographic Society 35 Russell Square London W.C.1 on Friday the 18th November at 8 p.m. Mr. Bloch will deal with “The Chemist in the Photographic Industry,” and the lecture will be illustrated by lantern slides (see page 248). Sir Edward Fran kland Medal.-Mr. Frank Bowcher has submitted his plaster study for the Sir Edward Frankland Medal which has been approved by the Council and also highly commended by Professor Percy Frankland. The particular attention of Registered Students is directed to the notice on p. 248 of this Part of the JOURNAL AND PRO- CEEDINGS regarding the award of the Frankland Medal and Prize. Public Appointments.-From correspondence received from public analysts and official agricultural analysts there still appears to be great reluctance on the part of local authorities to revise the conditions of appointments of these officials.Many are work- ing under the same terms as were attached to their positions in 1914 although the intrinsic values of their fees has greatly decreased and all the expenses of practice-assistants’ salaries clerical work apparatus materials and rent-are higher than they were prior to the war. With regard to the new Fertilisers and Feeding Stuffs Act it seems probable that the number of samples to be dealt with will increase. Under the existing Act comparatively very few samples have been taken but under the new Act manufacturers importers and dealers as well as farmers will be entitled to have samples examined at such fees as the local authorities may determine.The schedules to the new Act moreover require vendors of fertilisers and feeding stuffs to give particulars of their commodities in greater detail than is now demanded and more precise definitions of goods will need to be verified by the analyst whose microscopical and chemical work will be thereby con- siderably extended. Under the new Act too the certificates given by the analysts will be used for checking deliveries to farmers and will necessarily require a high degree of accuracy since they will often relate to transactions of considerable mapi- tude. Official agricultural analysts have been advised therefore to seek for a just and reasonable modification of the terms of their appointments .Pub1 ications.-Copies of the revised edition of The Pro- fession of Chemistry with an introduction by the President are being sent to all Fellows Associates and Registered Students together with the notices of the Jubilee Celebration. The new edition of the Register is now in preparation and members are asked to return the fonns issued with this Part of the JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS in order that their entries may be checked and corrected where necessary. Salary Statistics.-With Part IV of the JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS a questionnaire relating to salaries and conditions of appointments was issued to the Fellows and Associates who were invited to forward returns on or before the 30th September.About 1000 returns have been received but it has been considered desirable to extend the time in order to obtain further replies. It is hoped that members holding whole-time appointments who have not yet replied will assist the investigation by sending in the forms on or before the 30th November. If any member has mislaid his form a fresh copy can be obtained on application to the Registrar. 224 Local Sections. Belfast and District- At the Royal Belfast Academical Institution on the zand October Dr. Gibson addressed the Section on “ The Profession of Chemistry,” giving his views on the economic outlook as affecting the future prospects of the profession. A report will be prepared for inclusion in the next Part of the JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS.Bristol and South-Western Counties.-A meeting of the Section will be held in the University Chemical Department Bristol on Tuesday 15th November a t 7.30 pm. when Mr. R. L. Collett Assistant Secretary of the Institute will visit the Section and will address the members on professional matters. Cape.-A meeting of the Section was held in the Physical Chemical Laboratories of the University of Cape Town on 26th August,-Professor J. Smeath Thomas Chairman of the Section presiding. The Chairman welcomed and introduced Dr. Ellwood Hendrick of Columbia University U.S.A. who addressed the meeting on “ Reminiscences of some chemists I have met” remarking that he proposed to give a few random uncorrelated observations on people and things.Before doing so he related some of his own history how in 1877 he went to Germany and studied the preparation of aniline dyes and in 1881 returned to America to put into practice the knowledge he had gained. In 1915 he retired from practice and took to writing on chemical matters in a “popular” strain which is exemplified by Every- man’s Chemistry and other books and in 1924 took up his work at Columbia University. He proceeded with anecdotes concerning chemists with whom he had been associated and except during the concluding part of his address where it took a serious turn gave a highly humorous lecture. Speaking of L. H Baekeland who had worried him into writing popular chemistry when he had already made up his mind to do that very thing he also told how Baekeland was the first to invent a photographic paper that could be developed like plates.When Velox paper was put on the market the professional photographers could not make anything of it because they did not trouble to read the directions; but the amateurs found it a great success. Baekeland also tried to make synthetic resin in which work he contended with many difficulties reporting to his wife every little step in his discoveries. To-day one could hardly do anything electrically without Bakelite. Speaking next of Dorr and his vexatious experiences in cyaniding Dr. Hendrick toId how he lost not only his own money but also what the banks had lent him when his slime pits collapsed after an abnormal downpour of rain. Even after that set-back he in- vented the Dorr thickener and the Dorr classifier.To-day there were Dorr installations all over the world,-not only in the United States but even in Berlin and Johannesburg. Dr. Hendrick also spoke of Theodore W. Richards the only American who had received the Nobel Prize. He was one of those precocious boys who was ready for the university earlier than most people. He revelled in matters which others considered abstruse. He took up the study of atomic weights where Stas left off. People often asked why chemists studied such un- interesting things as atomic weights they simply had to do it although they did not always comprehend what they were doing. They correlated facts and brought them together until perhaps some vision dawned on the master mind and then light broke through on what was previously obscure and what had been confused became dear.Richards followed up his lines of reasoning and afterwards discovered the isotopes of lead a piece of work which marked a distinct step forward. Speaking of Irving Langmuir who seemed to have come into being as an afterthought-long after the rest of his family-he said that as a boy of 12 he came under the care of a brother who was ten years older and had already graduated in chemistry. He asked his brother,-“ Arthur what is this calculus that everyone is talking about ? ” “ Oh,” said Arthur “ it’s mathematics.” “Yes but what sort of mathematics is i t ? ” His brother could not afford him any further enlightenment. (“We older chemists,” interposed Dr.Hendrick “ don’t know anything about mathe- matics.”) But young Irving Langmuir was not satisfied. He managed to procure a book on the calculus and subsequently came back to Arthur in high enthusiasm. “You know Arthur,” he said “this calculus is quite simple and it is great.’’ Next Dr. Hendrick told of a student who was SO excited about a theory of atomic structures which he had worked out that he rang up his brother in the dead of night and stood with the cold wind blowing through his night clothes while he told him about it. 226 Next followed anecdotes of Jacques Loeb who was the first to bring about artificial parthenogenesis in unfertilised eggs of sea-urchins after treating them with isotonic salt solution. (Loeb was more of a biologist than a chemist.) After reading a paper at a meeting of a scientific society he said “ I’ll have no discussion after this paper you may just take it or leave it.,’ There were tales about chemical warfare during the Great War and then Dr.Hendrick spoke about “the way we teach chemical engineering at Columbia.” The students were grouped in squads of three and a definite piece of work was allotted to each squad. “GO and make carbon tetrachloride,” one squad was told. ‘ I How are we to make it? ” they asked. “ Poof ! you want to be chemical engineers and come and ask me how to make carbon tetrachloride? Go and find out!” So they hunted all the literature they could possibly find on the subject put out the apparatus-for the necessary appliances were all available- and finally submitted the product.The product was examined and approved and then they were told to make 200 lb. of it which after some puzzling was also forthcoming. Then another squad was asked-“Would it be worth while to make the article on a commercial scale in this country? ” Once more they set out to investigate and eventually returned a valuable thesis on an important study in the particular phase of chemical engineering. At the conclusion of his address Dr. Hendrick asked “ What position is the man of science taking up in the world to-day?” and continued-We are living in a more critical time than that of the Renaissance or the Reformation. A few mistakes of thought made just at this critical juncture may lead to the whole system of civilization breaking down.It would be no new thing civilisation had broken down before and that may happen again. What are we contributing to the stability of our civilisation? In the United States ideals have broken down since the war in a way that was most disconcerting. What were they doing to raise or maintain their ideals or to get scientific concepts of truth established? People needed to get into the habit of thinking scientifically realising that truth is attained only by a correlation of facts. They needed courage understanding high ideals wisdom and withal infinite patience. Prof. Smeath Thomas in proposing a vote of thanks to Dr. Hendrick said that all present owed him a sincere debt for his fund of anecdote and illumination of the lives of men of science 227 who were world figures.Prof. Newbery in seconding said that he had thoroughly enjoyed the address and was especially glad to hear Dr. Hendrick’s closing remarks. As scientific men he said they had a message to the world which had to be demonstrated by their intense love of truth a love without which they could not be real scientists. Edinburgh and East Scotland.-The programme of meetings for the new session has been issued. Any member or registered student residing in the area who has not received a copy should apply to the HonSecretary of the Section. The ordinary meetings will as in previous years be held jointly with the local section of the Society of Chemical Industry. Addresses will be given on Thursday 17th November by Prof R.M. Caven and on Tuesday 6th December by Prof. Sir James Walker. Joint meetings with other Scottish Sections have been arranged for Wednesday 7th December in Glasgow and for the z5th-26th May at St. Andrews The latter meeting will be addressed by Principal Sir James Irvine. London and South-Eastern Counties.-Sir Robert Robertson presided at a meeting of the Section held at the Institute on Wednesday the 19th October when Mr. S. M. Gluckstein a director of Messrs. J. Lyons & Co. Ltd. gave an interesting and valuable talk on “ Chemists and Dividends.” Mr. Gluckstein dealt with the development of the laboratory of his company which now accommodates a staff of 72 showing how the services of chemists were appreciated by the directors and giving a frank expression of his views based on the experi- ence gained during the past eight years.(The paper will be published separately and issued to Fellows Associates and Registered Students.) In the discussion which followed Sir Robert Robertson Mr. E. R. Bolton Mr. €3. F. Howard Miss K. Michaelis and Mr. A. L. Aspland participated. The proceedings terminated with a cordial vote of thanks to Mr. Gluckstein. Manchester and District.-Mr. L. G. Radcliffe has been elected Chairman of the Section in the place of Dr. Herbert Levinstein who has retired and has been elected Vice-chairman of the Section. 228 Notes. Management Research Groups.-The attention of the Institute has been directed to a movement lately promoted by a number of leaders in various industries the aim being to bring together manufacturers and business men f w the exchange of information and experience in order that more efficient results may be obtained in the interest of both producers and consumers by applying the most recent developments in the technique of management.Management Research Groups were first started in Great Britain in 1926 by one or two industrial leaders who thought that in seeking a means of co-operating with their fellow industrialists in the study of such methods a form of organisation was needed which would allow of an exchange of ideas on their common problems. Their attention was directed to the Manufacturers’ Research Association of Massachusetts a voluntary organisation which had been working with increasing success for some six years.This suggested a method of co-operation which modified to suit local requirements and conditions might answer their purpose and appeal to British people. They accordingly sug- gested the idea to some of their business friends and at the end of 1926 three Groups were formed which have operated success- fully through the first half of 1927 while other Groups are now in the process of formation. Groups are not concerned so much with technical production problems as with the business problems which are more or less common to the majority of enterprises-organisation finance and lay-out of plant the disposition and planning of work advertising purchasing marketing distributing and so on.The object of a Group is therefore to assist specialists where they exist to keep in close touch with their subject by mutual exchange of information. The problems of each firm are thus subjected to the analysis and suggestions not of one trained mind but of several. The number of firms to be included in any one Group may vary according to the wishes of the members. Ten to fifteen 229 members have been found to be a convenient number in order to allow for the active participation in the work of the Group of alI members. While competing firms may be in the same Group in order to obtain perfect frankness it has been found best for Groups to consist of firms not directly in competition with each other.Variety in the character of the business similarity in size and localisation within a radius of say IOO miles are desirable considerations in the formation of a Group. The preliminary steps have usually included the calling of a meeting by three or four interested firms who invite a further number of firms to meet them in a discussion involving no obligation on the part of any of those attending. If a decision is then taken to form a Group the membership is completed by those present or with the addition of others who may sub- sequently be invited to join. Preliminary arrangements are made as to the organisation and financing of the Group (which is usually very simple and may consist of the appointment of a small executive to conduct the affairs of the Group) and as to the initial steps to be taken.So far the working of the Groups has followed two different lines in one case the constituent firms have met in London to discuss various problems; in others there have been visits to the works of members with short meetings to discuss points of interest raised during the tour of the works visited followed by afternoon sessions for the discussion of definite problems. Further steps may include the appointment of sub-committees of purchasing managers sales managers or chief chemists; or they may be appointed to consider any specific subject such as Pension Schemes etc. Further information about the movement may be obtained from the Honorary Secretary Major L. Urwick O.B,E. 23 Bloomsbury Square London W.C.I. London Programme Card.-A card which gives the dates of all ordinary meetings of chemical interest to be held in London during the session 1927-1928 will shortly be issued as heretofore. Times and places of meetings with topics for discussion will be notified in Chemistry and hdztstry from time to time. 230 Sep t em ber-0cto bet- Examinations 1927. For the Fellowship- A t the Victoria University Manchester Branch (D) Bio-Chemistry with special reference to the hormones; Abstract of the Report of the Board of Examiners. Examinations were held at the times and places mentioned below; the numbers of candidates examined and of those who passed were :- For the Associateship- No. examined. No. passed. At the Institute General Chemistry 19th-24th September .. * l G 1 19th-23rd September . . f . A t the Institute Branch (E) The Chem- istry including Microscopy of Food and Drugs and of Water; 26th September to 1st October . . A t the Institute Branch ( c f ) Industrial Chemistry with special rtf * erence to Petroleum Technology; 26th to 30th ,. September At the Institute Chemical Technology September of Textiles; 19th to 23rd September A t the Institute Special Oral Examina- tion in General Chemistry; 21st . . * . 5 1 8 1 * Three candidates failed only in the translation of German technical literature. One candidate passed the examination in the translation of German technical literature thereby completing his examination.- 12 EXAMINATION FOR THE ASSOCIATESHIP IN GENERAL CHEMISTRY. INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY.-The answers to the theoretical papers were with a few exceptions very poor. Many candidates appear to have read the papers very carelessly and frequently gave good answers to questions that had not been asked. Thus a detailed account of the isolation of argon is not an answer to a question on the part played by the inert gases in 3 1 1 - 1 1 - 1 - 28 231 the development of chemical theory. The time allowed-three hours for four questions-should be sufficient to prevent a hurried start. In the practical examination the qualitative exercise appeared to present some difficulty only a few candidates being certain of the presence of a fluosilicate.In the quantitative work the majority of the candidates appeared to be estimating bismuth for the first time and only a few obtained reasonably accurate determinations of the bismuth although the separation from sodium offered no difficulties. As regards the sodium deter- mination few Candidates rcalised the necessity of proving that neutral sodium sulphate was actually weighed. Most of the results were high probably owing to the presence of sodium pyrosulphate. The determinations of available oxygen were very erratic. ORGANIC CHEMIsTRY.-only a few of the candidates answered successfully the question involving a simple arithmetical cal- culation. The most favoured question was the one relating to organic substances of therapeutic interest.Eleven candidates out of fifteen attempted this question and eight of them gave good answers. The practical exercises were on the whole successfully carried out the quantitative determinations being more accurate than on former occasions. The German transla.tion was not good. It was evident that few candidates were able to translate German technical literature even with the aid of dictionaries. EXAMINATION FOR THE FELLOWSHIP. In the examination in Branch E-the Chemistry including Microscopy of Food and Drugs and of Water-the written and practical work with few exceptions was below the average the only redeeming feature being that the microscopic work was on the whole good. Few of the candidates attempted any estimation of the arsenic in the sample of beer or made a qualita- tive examination of the ingredients of the medicine.Several failed to identify the pure substance mainly owing to the fact that they lacked system and relied on haphazard tests. The work on Therapeutics and Pharmacology was on the whole well done. 232 PASS LIST. Examination in General Chemistry for the Associatmhip. Macadam George Herbert B.A. (Cantab.) Cambridge University. Osborn Harry William Edward Sir John C w Technical Institute London ; and Northern Polytechnic London. Smirks William Nelson BSc. (Lond.) Birmingham Central Technical College. Smith Arthur B.Sc. (Lond.) trained under G. E. Johnson B.Sc. F.I.C. a t Hull Municipal Technical College. Wilson Herbert Newton trained under the Chief Chemiat Messrs.Sacller & Co. Middlesbrough; and under the Head of the Chemistry Depart- ment Darlington Technical College. Examina$ion for the Fellowship. In Branch D Biochemistry with special reference to the Hormones FulIer Albert Thomas Ph.D. (Lond.). In Braitch E The Chemistry (including Microscopy) of Food and Drugs and of Water Jones Henry Humphreys. Trace Leslie Herbert B.Sc. (Lond.). Turner Charles Frederick. In Branch G Industrial Chemistry with special reference to Petroleum Technology *Kelly Charles Ignatiug M.Sc.Tech. (Manc.). Chemical Technology of Textiles Jackson Stanley Ridingg B.Sc.Tech. (Manc.). Special Examination in General Chemistry Beaumont Glynne Wentworth. * To be elected on completion of three years’ registration as an Associate.The following papers and exercises were given:- Examination for the Associateship in General Chemistry. MONDAY 19th SEPTEBIBER 1927 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. (FOUR questions only to be attempted.) 1. What are the usual impurities in commercial bromine? Describe how you would prepare pure bromine from the commercial product. Give two methods for preparing a concentrated aqueous solution of hydrobromic acid. 2. Give the method of preparation propertiee and characteristic reactions of THREE of the following:- Magnesium sulphide sodium hyponitrite silver peroxide phos- phonium iodide tungsten trioxide osmium tetroxide. 3. What developments in inorganic and physical chemistry are associated with the names of any two of the following:- Deville Horstmann and Raoult.chemical theory. of 233 4. Describe Werner’s co-ordination theory. State the fundamental hypothesis and show how it supplements ordinary theory. Give TWO examples of new experimental work suggested by the theory and con- firmed experimentally. 5. Write a short essay on one of the following:- (a) The interpretahion of absorption spectra; (b) The part played by the inert gases in the development of 6. Describe the methods proposed for the quantitative determination mixture of the halogens (CI Br I) as alkaline salts. Criticise and discuss them methods from the point of view of accuracy and time required. 2 to 5 p.m. (FOUR questions only to be attempted.) 1. How would you prepare normal ammonium molybdato (NH,),MoO ? Is this identical with the ordinary ammonium molybdate of commerce used as a reagent? Cescribe experiments you wouId carry out to determine the exact formula of your product.2. Give an account of the sources method of separation on the industrial scale characteristic reactions and applications of the pIa tin- group of metals. 3. Dry ammonia gas is passed over- (a;) Silver chloride; (b) Sfannic chloride; (c) Heated sodium; (d) Heated magnesium. Sfate the product in each case mentioning typical reactions and appli- cations. 4. Describe from the experimental point of view the prepamtion and properties of colloidal solutions of metals. Outline any practical applications these may have. 5.Give an account of the experimental methods used to determine the velocity of a homogeneous gas reaction. Show the influence exerted by the study of such reactions on the progress of chemical theory TUESDAY 20th SEPTEMBER 1927. 10 a.m. to I p.m. (FIVE questions only to be a&mp&.) I. Describe TERJCE general methods for the prepamtion of olefines and indicate TKR~EE characteristic reactions of these hydrocarbons. One hundred C.C. of a gaseous olehe are contained in a porous vessel mr- rounded by air and standing over mercury. When the volume of oon- hed gas has become constant it is found to measure 140 C.C. under atmospheric pressure. What is the molecular formula of the olefine? (Density of air 14.39). 2. What is implied by the term “cia- and trans-isomerism’’ in relation to carbon compounds? Give THREE examples of bhia type of isomerism and outhe methods for preparing any TWO of these isomerides.3. Starting from the hydrocarbon naphthalene demribe the preparation of the following derivatives (a) a-naphthol. (b) p-naphthylamine. (c) Phthalimide. (d) 1 - 6 0 - &mphthOl. 234 4. Describe the synthesis of tl-glucose. How is this akdose converted into (a) an isomeric kotose ( b ) an ddose containing one additional carbon atom? 5. How h a w pipendine and pyridine been synthesis4 from open Contrast the behaviour of them two aminea in regard to (a) benzoyl 6 . Describe the preparation of TIEREE of the following thempeutic In the afternoon the candidates were given passages for trmdation chain organic compounds ? chloride (b) methyl iodide (c) nitrous acid.substances (a) antipyrin (b) aspirin (c) phenacetin (d) veronal. from French and German technical literature. WEDNESDAY 21st SEPTEMBER 1927. 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. 1. Solution A contains the Alkali salts of two organic acids. Identify these acids. (Sodium succinate and sulphanilate; or potassium oxalate and metmilate.) (This exercise must be completed to-day.) 2. Estimate the amount of one of the acids dissolved in solution A expressing the result in grams of anhydrous acid per litre. (This exercise may be completed to-morrow.) THURSDAY 22nd SEPTEMBER 1947. 10 a.m. to 4.3G p.m. 1. CompIete tho quantitative exercise commenced yesterday. 2. Report on the chemical nature of the constituents of liquid B containing two organic subatances (methyl ethyl ketone and benzamide; or acetone and benzanilide).FRIDAY and SATURDAY 23rd and 24th SEPTEMBER 1927. 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. 1. Report on the nature of substanco C (potassium and zinc silicofluorides) . (This exercise must be m p l e t e d on F'ridcty.) 2. Make an analysis as complete as time will permit of sample D (sodium bismuthate). Examination for the Fellowship. Branch O.-Biological Chemistry with Special Reference to the Hormones. MONDAY 19th SEPTEMBER 1927 I0 a.m. to I p.m. (Only FOUR questions to he answered.) I . Give a brief description of the principal methods that have been used for the preparation and purification of insulin with reasons for the vtbrious steps in each process.What are the chemical properties of insulin and what is known about its composition ? 2. Describe the method of isolation of thyroxin from the thyroid gland and summarise the evidence by which its structure has been deter mined. 235 3. What is the evidence upon which the view is based that extracts of certain ductless glands influence the total metabolism of animals ? 4. What active principles are believed to be present in the pituitary gland and what is the present s t a b of our knowledge concerning them? 6. Discuss the relation between chemical structure and physiological action in substances related to adrenaline. 2 to 5 pm. 1. Describe the methods that have been used to characteriso proteins which are closely related.Give A classification of the proteins. mentioning briefly the principal features of each group. 2. Give an account of the colonring matters of flowers and green leaves. 3. Describe experimental evidence which illustrates the special value of haemoglobin as a respiratory pigment. 4. Describe the mode of oxidation of amino acids in the body and the experimental evidence on which it is based. 5. What do you understand by &he name “oxydo-reductasc” as applied to &n enzyme ? Give examples of such enzymes and tho reactions with which they &re concerned in the body. TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY 20th and 21.d SEPTEMBER 1927 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. each day. 1. Determine the pH-activity curve for the sample of urease supplied.2 . Determine the amount of “amino nitrogon” in the peptone A and express it as a percentage of the total nitrogen. THURSDAY 22nd SEPTEMBER 1927 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. 33 is a mixture of two amino acids. Sepmate and identify them and prepare a derivative of each. 2 Identify the substance C of biological importance. FRIDAY 23rd SEPTEMBER 1927 10 a.m. to 5 pm. 1. Determine the amount of reducing sugar in the blood supplied. Demonstrate experimentally conditions which cause tho amount to diminish and methods for limiting this change. 1. . Branch €.-The Chemistry (including Microscopy) of Food and Drugs and oi’ Water. MONDAY 26th SEPTEMBER 1927 10 a.m. lo 1 p,m. 1. Discuss the bearing of hydrogen ion concentration on volumetric analysis.2. Mention some of the more commonly occurring glucosides and sclponins and state their principal properties. 3. What chemical substances are used to promote the “strength” of flour. Discuss the advisability of the use of such materials. Fuse1 Oil. 4. What legal limits or restrictions govern the sale of the following articlw :- 236 2 to 45 p.m. 1. How is Methyl Alcohol produced commercially? How can itpl presence in Ethyl Alcohol be detected and estimated 4 2. What are the functions of the following Enzymes:-DU Malfslse and hvertaset State their principal murcea and analytical uses. 3. Explain the following terms in connection with alcoholic liquids:- Proof Spirit Obscuration Spirit Indication Original Gravity Denaturing A m r in a qmmte notebook.4. State the constitution of the following synthetic drugs and describe the methods used for their preparation Antipyrin phenacetin veronel. Discuss their therapeutic employment. 5. Enumerate the official preparations of Digitalis Nux Vomica Aconite and Belladonna leaves giving the medicinal dose in each case. Describe the methods which may be used in making a biological assay of digitalis leaves. 6. Discuss the various circumstances in which chronic lead poisoning occurs describing the symptoms as fully as possible. State how the metal may be estimated when present in the urine of a patient. (a) Potable Spirita (b) DriedMilkk; ( 0 ) RagFlook. (d) cocaine. 5. Outline briefly a bacteriological method for the standardisation of disinfectants.6. What are the characteristic differences between upland surface water shallow well water and deep well water? Discuss the significance of the presence of nitrates and ohlorides in each. TUESDAY 27th SEPTEMBER 1927 10 a.m. to 6 pm. D e t e h e the original gravity and the quantities of alcohol and salt in the specimen of beer. Examine it generally and state whether it con- forms with the provisions of the Sale of Food and Drugs Acte. WEDNESDAY 28th SEPTEMBER 1927 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Analyse the medicine and ascertain if it has been correctly dispensed according to the following prewription :- Potass. Iodidi 3G. M e p e s . Sulph. 3iv. Tinct. Aurant 3ii. Aq. Chlorof. ad 3vg. Report upon the sample on the official form supplied 237 THURSDA Y 29th SEPTEMBER 1927 10 a.m.to 5 p.m. 1. Identify the pure substance A. (Eucaine lactate; or Dial.; or Diamorphine hydrochloride. ) 2. Examine the beverage I3 for preservatives and determine the amount of any found present. (Benzoic acid or formaldehyde.) FRIDAY 30th SEPTEMBER 1927 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Examine the specimens C D E F G and H microscopically. Make rough drawings and name any characteristic structuras. Identify the specimens if possible. SATURDAY 1st OCTOBER 1927 10 a m . to 1 p.m. 1. The samples A B and C are defibrinated bloods from three different spocies of animal. Assuming that the red corpuscles in A have an average diameter of 113200 inch obtain without the use of a micrometer rough estimates of the corpuscular size in the other samples.Draw any conclusions you can from your observations. 2. Estimate the iodoform in the ointment D. 3. Identify the fibres present in the sample E. Branch G.-Industrial Chemistry with special reference to Petroleum Technology. MONDAY 26th SEPTEMBER 1927 10 a.m. to 1 pm. (Six questiona mty to be Qttenapted.) 1. Give an account of current views on the subject of “detonation” or ‘cpinking.” How is this phenomenon rendered susceptible to measure- ment ? Describe a suitable apparatus wherewith to determine the relative “pinking” values of two given motor spirits. 2. Define the term “aniline point” and describe clearly how you would determine this constant for 8 particular gasoline What inference can you draw from the aniline poht of- (a) a straight run spirit (b) a cracked spirit? 3.Describe one commercial method of cracking. Give the antici- pated yield of gasoline from an average gas oil and state how the motor apiriit produced differs from straight run material. 4. You are given a straight run naphtha end point 265*C. and sulphur content 0.3 per cent. Describe how you would produce merchant- able gasoline and kerosene from this oil. 5. What is meant by the term “oiliness”? Describe any apparatus that might be used to give a measure of this property. How would you confer additional “oiliness” on A straight minerd oil? 6. Outline the chief methods of removing sulphur from gasoline. 7. Describe the Edelneau process illustrating your answer with diagrams.For what purpose was this process originally intended? 8. What improvements in petroleum technology are to be attributed to Frasch Burton Grey Gurwitsch Engler Redwood Steinschneider and Abel? 238 2 to 5 p.m. 1. What considerations would guide you in regard to choice of fuel and materials srrtmgement and construction of plant generating heat for each of the following purposes ( 0 ) the evaporation of water for steam raising (b) the low temperature carbonisation of coal (c) the production of foundry coke ( d ) the smelting of a metal of high melting point 0 2. What are the functions of an “monomiser” and a “superheater” in oonnection with a steam boiler? What are the circumstances which would make it desirable or otherwise to introduce either or both into a given installa tion ? 3.Discuss the methods which are available for the separation of a liquid from a suspended solid giving a general account of the plant needed for each method and stating the conditions which would render any one method preferable for urn in a particular case. 4. For what purposes may steam be needed in a chemical works? What bearing has the demand for steam for any of these purposes on the question of the desirability of using a steam engine or an internal com- bustion engine as the source of the power needed in the works ? 5. It is necessa.ry to raise liquid continuously to the top of a tower. What means can be used to do this and what baring will the nature of the liquid have on the particular form of plant that you would employ? TUESDAY 27th SEPTEMBER to FRIDAY 30th SEPTEMBER 1927 10 a.m.to 5 pm. each day. 1. Make a commercial assay of the given crude oil A. 2. Sample 13 is a crude oil derived from a retortable material. Examine its main fractions and report on their hehavioiir to the usual refining agents. Draw up a refining scheme €or handling this oil with special reference to tho production of Diesel fuel. 3. Determine the aniline point of the fraction of sample A that boils up to 200” C. 4. Examine the phenolic bodies present in the fraction of oil B boiling between 200 and 250’ C. Leave a samplo of these substancea for inspection. 5. Determine the sulphur-content of- (a) The fraction of sample A boiling up to 200” C. ( 6 ) The fraction of sample €3 boiling between 200 and 250’ C.The Chemical Technology of Textiles with special reference to Cotton Bleaching Dyeing and Finishing. MONDAY 19th SEPTEMZ3ER 1927 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. NOTES.- Whenever pOSSibk definite chemical changes should be ir;4?kated by equations. The FIVE questions may be attempted. 1. What is known concerning the chemical nature of cellulose? Illustrate your answer by reference to the behaviour of cotton towards the following reagents ( a ) nitric acid ( b ) acetic anhydride (c) sodium hydroxide (d) fuming hydrochloric acid. 239 2. What chemical substances are available commercially for the bleaching of cotton? Describe the chemical ntlture of these substances and explain their mode of interaction during the process of bleaching.Compare the suitability of these bleaching agents in regard to different commercial qualities of cotton goods. 3. Indicate the chemical principles underlying the production of colours of the Naphthol AS. type. What is tho chemical nature of the intermediates employed and of the colours developed in this dyeing process ? 4. Describe the several principal conditions concerning the structure of cotton fabrics that tend to the production of tho best degree of lustre by mercerising under tension. How does acetyl cellulose behave under the influence of mercerising under tension? Offer an explanation of the physical causes of lustre on cotton mercerised under tension. 6 . What are the objectives aimed a t in the sizing of cotton yarn- as conveyed by the terms light sizing medium sizing and heavy sizing? Discuss the methods of preventing the formation of mildew 011 sized cotton goods from the point of view of the proper selection of sizing materials and tho use of antiseptics.Mention the merits or demerits of the several antiseptic agents that aro used in the sizing of cotton goods. 2 to 5 p.m. NOTES.-. Whenever possible defmite chemical changes should be indicated by equations. The FIVE questions may be attempted. 1. Indicate the chemical constitutions of any TWO modern vat dyes and describe the application of these colours in the dyeing of cotton. Why are these colours less suitable for the dyeing of wool and natural silk and how has this disadvantage been overcome? 2. Contrast the processes for producing alizarin red on cotton and on wool.How would you identify the following red dyeings on the cotton fibre (a) alizarin red (b) primulino red ( c ) paranitroaniline red? 3. Discuss the recommendations and the objections respectively that you would assign to the use of the indigosols and of tho soledon colours for the dyeing of cotton wool and silk. 4. Discuss fully the general principles underlying the dyeing of acetyl-cellulose. Describe a method of producing a full shade of black on this fibre. 5. Name several methods and at least four of producing on cotton by dyeing a shade of green approaching that of brilliant green on tannin- antimony mordanted cotton stating tho colouring matters you would employ for the purpose.Discuss the special recommendations of each method chosen respectively with regard to the special properties of fwt- ness to (1) rubbing ( 2 ) light (3) washing. 1. T UESDA Y 20th SEPTEMBER 1927 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Identify the materials A and B which are commercial samples of substances ernployod in the technology of textiles. (This exercise intist beJinished to-day.) 2. Determine the degree of purity of either A or B. be ~ ~ ~ ~ l e t e d t o - ~ ~ r r ~ z o . ) (TI& eXWCi8e WEIDNESDA Y 2 1st SEPl’EMB&?R 1927 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Complete ezercise 2 from ye&e.rday. Identify the mode of dyeing employed in producing the shades on dyed specimens C to J. Assign tho colouring matter employed to its appropriate class. Report on the fastness to washing of these eight dyed patterns.THURSDAY 22nd SEPTEMBER 1927 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Report on the samples of dyestuffs K L My N and 0. Refer theae dyestuffs to their class and prepare dyed patterns showing their suitability aa colouring matters for cotton and wool. fabrics. PRIDA 51 23rd SEPTEMBER 1927 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. 1. Identify a ~ i d state your opinion of the composition of the com- 1)oiuitl “ 1’” reprosentirig a product in general use for the finishing of cotton 2. Exttrnirie tho two p&terrs “Q” and “R” and state how the finishod effect shown by each has been produced. 241 0 bi tux y . Information has only lately been received regarding the death of RIUHARD BURTLES which occurred on the 3rd July 1926 as the result of a bicycle accident.He was the son of the lato Alderman Richard Burtles of Manchester and was educated at Monchester Grammar School and a t the blanchester College of ‘I’echnology graduated as B.Sc.Tech. with first class honours in 1921 and was awarded the M.Sc.Tech. in December 1922. He gained a Manchester Education Committee Research Scholarship and later received a maintenanct grant from the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research and continued working being with Prof. Pyman from 1921 the results contributed to the ‘I‘mi~suctiort,c~ oj the Chemical Society. In January 1925 ho obtained a position as chemist with the Goodrich Rubber Company at Leyland. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1924. ARCHKBALD LXVERSIDGE clied a t Kingston-on-Thanies on the 26th September in his 80th year.From 1866 to 1870 he studieci science at the Royal College of Chemistry and the Royal School of Mines London where he gained a Royal Exhibition and medals in chemistry metallurgy and mineralogy and was awarded the diploma of A.R.S.M. in Mining and Metallurgy. In 1867 he was temporary instructor in chemistry at the Royal School of Naval Architecture and at the conclusion of his courae having spent some time in Frankland’s private laboratory proceeded to Christ’s College Cambridge whore for two terms he acted as demon- strator in the University Laboratory in due course obtaining the degree of Master of Arts. Towards the end of 1872 however he was appointed Professor of Chemistry and Mineralogy in the University of Sydney where he continued until his retirement mth the title of Emeritus Professor in December 1907.He was a member of the first Board of Technical Education in Sydney a Trustee of the Australian Museum (1876-1908) Honorary Secretary of the Hoyrrl Socioty of New South Wales from 1875-89 and thrice its Prosiclent (1886 1890 1901) a Commissioner for many Exhibitions Philadelphia 1876; Paris 1878; Sydney 1879 1889; Melbourne 1880 1888; Calcutta 1883; Amsterdam 1883; Indian and Colonial (London) 1886; and Chicago 1893. In 1883 he was elected Dean of the Faculty of Scienco in the University of Sydney and in 1890 he promoted the School of Mines in the University. He was the originator of the Australian Associotion for the Advancement of Science of which he was for many years Honorary Secretary from 1886 onwards and President in 1897.He also initiated the Sydney Section of the Society of Chemical Industry of which he was the first Chairman from 1903-05. He wlts the author of a book The Minerals of New South Wales published in 1888 and of many p!upers contributed to the Royal Society the Chemical Society the Koyal Sooioty of Now South Wales and other institutions. He was elected E’.R.S. in 1882 and also received tho degree of LL.D. in the University o f Glasgow. He was a Vice-l’reuidont of the Chemical Society (1910-13) and of the Society of Chemical hdustry (1909-12). He was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1878 and after his return from Australia in 1908 served on a Committee concerned with the interests of members abroad until the appointment of Honorary Corresponding Swretaries.of Chlorates published in the Transactions of the Chemical Society (1900- 242 REGINALD CHARLES PAKES died at 56 Rannock Road London I$T. on 4th October in his 23rd year. Educated at Latymer Upper School and Chelsea Polytechnic he graduated &s BSc. with honours in chemistry and since 1923 had been a member of the laboratory staff of J. Lyons & Co. La. at Cadby Hall Kensington. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1926. WILLIAM HORACE SODEAU died a t Guy’s Hospital on 5th October in his 63rd year. He entered King’s College London in I890 rand con- tinued there as a Demonstrator in chemistry from 1894 until 1807 when he went to work at the Davy-Faraday Research Laboratory at the Royal Institution.He passed the examination for the Associateship of the Institute in 1895 graduated as B.Sc. (Lond.) with honours in chemistry and physics and subsequently proceeded to the doctorate. In 1898 he was appointed first assistant to Prof. Kinch at the Royal Agricultural College Cirencester and later held a teaching appointment u t Cardiff before he was appoint.ed in 1900 chemist to H. M. Explosives Cornmiittee. From 1902 to 1906 he was engaged in experimental work and research with Sir W. G. Armstrong Whitworth & Co. Ltd. and the Whitehead Torpedo Co. Ltd. His name was associated with numerous patents including a series relating to torpedo propukion and he was the author of several original contributions notably of five papers on the Decomposition 1902) and another on the same subject published in the Proceedings of the University of Durham Philosophical Society (1903).For a considerable period he was stationed a t Fiume where during the war he was detained as a civil prisoner. After the armistice he was released and continued to work for the same principals a t Weymouth until 1921 and a t St. Tropez in France until 1926 when he returned to England and was appointed Scientific Investigator to the Dental Investigation Committee of tho Department of Scientific and Industrial Research which position he retained a t the time of his death. In this position he was associated with Prof. C. S. Gibson and worked in the Chemical Department of Guy’s Hospital Medical School where in a short time ho was successful in devising methods for showing the distortion and expansion of pIaster of Parig casts.H e wa5 a Fellow of the Institute of Physics and a Member of the Institution of Chemical Engineers. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1899. A t the commemoration service at the Catholic Apostolic Church Gordon Square London tho Institute was represented by the Registrar. 243 Books and their Contents. The following books have been presented by the authors or publishers and may be seen in the Library of the Institute:- “ Bacteriological Equivalents Dictionary of .” W. Partridge. Pp. xi + 141. (London Baillisre Tindall & Co.) 10s. 6d. French-English ; German-English ; Italian-English ; Spanish-English.“Cereal Chemistry Modern.” D. W. Kent- Jones. Revised and enlarged edition. Pp. vii + 446. (Liverpool The Northern Publishing Co. Ltd.) Composition of wheat flour and classes of wheat; nutritive value of bread; cereals other than wheat; colloidal chemistry; hydrogen ion con- centrationj strength and the colloidal chemistry of flour; the chemistry of the baking process; composition of mill products; bleaching and flour improvers; conditioning and the effect of heat on w h a t and flour; rnoisturo in wheat and flour; analysis of flour etc. ‘‘ Organic Chemistry Recent Advances in.” A. W. Stewart. 5th edition. z Vols. Vol. I. pp. xiv + 387; Vol. TI. xiv + 382. (London Longmans Green & Co. Ltd.) ;GI IS. each volume.Volume I Some main currents in organic chemistry; sundry modern reagents ; addition reactions; aliphatic diazene compounds; ketens ; polyketides ; terpenes ; alkaloids ; purine group ; polypeptides ; trivalent carbon ; unsaturation; orienting influences in the benzene system. Volume 11. Carbohydrate constitutions ; sesquiterpenes; rubber; recent work on alkaloids ; anthocyanins; chlorophyll; depsidw ; theories of natural syntheses of vital products ; organo-alkali compounds ; cases of abnormal vrtlency ; structural formulae and their failings ; applications of electronics to organic chemistry; unsolved problems. “Plough Court.” The Story of a notable Pharmacy. Ernest C. Cripps. Pp. xviii + 227. (London Allen & Hanburys Ltd.) A volume describing the origin and progress of the firm of Allen & Hanbury issued to commemorate the Bicentenary of the Company.244 The Register. At the meeting of Council held on zIst October 1927 5 new Fellows were elected 15 Associates were elected to the Fellowship 72 new Associates were elected and 26 students were admitted. The Institute has lost 3 Fellows and z Associates by death. New Fellows. Beaumont Glynne Wentworth c/o Messrs. Huson QE Hardwick Harbour- masters’ Old House Liverpool. Deerr Noel Fielding F.C.G.I. Sutherland House Cawnpore India. Hastie Stuart Henderson O.B.E. B.Sc. (Edin.) The Grove Colquhoun Drive Bearsden Dun barton shire. Taylor Harold Burfield D.Sc. (Sydney) Department of Public Health Macquarie Street Sydney N.S.W.Turner Charles Frederick 1 Minehead Road Aigburth Liverpool. Associates elected to the Fellowship. Bishop Robert Odell M.B.E. A.C.G.I. Department of Agriculture Kucbla Lumpur F.M.8. Chick Oliver 31 Auckltbnd R c d Ilford Essex. Cowen Lawrence Gordon A.C.G.F.C. D.I.C. c/o Anglo-Persian Oil Co. Ltd. Abadun Persian Gulf. Fletcher Louis 56 Lochrin Buildings Edinburgh. FulIer Albert Thomas Ph.D. (Lond.) 54 Trent Road London S.W.2. George Ernest B.A. D.Sc (S.A.) 260 Oxford Street East London S. Africa. Griffin Kenneth Massy M.Sc. (N.Z.) Dominion Laboratory (Auckland Branch) Gleeson’s Buildings High Street Auckland N.Z. Grigg Yelix John Theodore M.Sc. (N.Z.) Government Analyst Govern- ment Buildings Christchurch New Zealand. Jackson Stanley Ridings B.Sc.Tech.(Manc.) 16 Longsight Road Holcoxnbe Brook Ramsbottom Manchester. Jones. Henry Humphrcys 13 Borkley Street Livorpool. Scutly Gerald Crwgh h1.A. (Cape) Cape Explosives I’orks P.O. Dyna- Trace Leslie Herbert, B.Sc. (Loncl.) Westwood Forty Lane Wernbley T’allance Hleece Henry M.Sc. (Birm.) 11 Ashfield Rod King’s Heath Watson Herbert Edmeston D.Sc. (Loiid.) M.I.Chem.E. Indian Institute Williams Percy Noel MSc. (Liv.) Hemingfield Old Chester Road mite Factory Somerset \Vest C.P. S. Africa. Park Middx. Birmingham. of Science Bangalore India. Bebington nr Birkenhead. New Associates. Alexander James Ranald M.A. B.Sc. (St. Andrews) Willoughby House Crieff Perthshire. Amos Arthur James BSr. (Lond.) 201 Folliestone Rod Dover Kent.Angus William Rogie M.A. BSc. (Abed.) 11 Chuthtn Place Aberdeen. Barlow Charles Gerald l3.A. (Cantab.) 20 Vale Court Chelsea London s.w.3. Batley Alan B.Sc. (Liv.) 28 Watnut Street Southport. Biggar David Gardiner A.R.T.C. Rockvale Westerton Drive Bridge of Allan Stirlingshire Scotland. Briers Frank B.Sc. (Lond.) B.Sc. (Oxon.) 259 Fosse Itoad South Leicester. Brogan Francis Joseph Anthony M.Sc. (N.Z.) Chemical Laboratory Department of -4griculture Sydney Street Wellington New Zealand. Brown Joseph Brownlie A.R.T.C. 12 Trainard Avenue Tollcross Glasgow. Chalk Leslio Jamcs M.Sc. (Lond.) 14 Shrubbery Road Southall Middx. Coates Archibald M.Sc. (Manc.) 14 Berkley Avenue Levenshulme Manchester. Copeman Donald Alfred R.Sc. (Edin.) Modderfontein P.O.Northrand Transvurrl S. Africa. Cornwell Charles William RSc. (Lond.) 41 Aintreo Avenue East Ham London E.6. Creasy IVilliam George B.Sc. (Lond.) White House Heming Road Jlavidson JVilliam U.Sc. (Gltts.) 28 Stuart Avenue Scotstoun Qlasgow. Edgware Middx. Davits Daniel Richard B.Sc. (Walos) 117 Penrhiwcoiber Road Penrhi- wceibor Glam. Deerden William Hoghton M.Sc. (Waiic.) Royal School of Mines Prince Consort Road London S.W.7. Evans Robert Jones M.Sc. (Wales) 9 Winchestcr Avenue Brondesbury London N. iV.G. Farquharson John BSc. (Abed.) Clenfarquhar Auchenblae Fordoun Sco tlnnd Garlick Harvey Satchell B&. (Lond.) 51 Sutton Court London W.4. Griffiths John Gaius Ashwell I3.A. (Cantab.) Gable Beach Coppico Avenue Great Sholforti Cambridge.Grover Cyril Ernest M.Sc. (Lond.) 33 Rodwell Rod East Dulwich London S. E .22. Guthric Alexander B.Sc. (Edin.) 36 Clarcmont Road Leith. Hall Miss Gertrude Louis& B.Sc. (Lond.) 206 Felixstowe Road Ipswich. Hamil ton George Nair lie Gordon l3. Sc . ((A Ias . ) Wit wa torsrand Techii ical Institute Box 32!)3 Johmnesbnrg Transvaa! S. Africa. Hamilton Ji'illiam B.Sc. (Glas ) A.R.T.C. ICoueCiclle Major's Place Falkirk S tirli ngshiro. Harvey John IMc. (Liv.) 176 Winclleshaw Roiid St. Heletis Lttncs. Hawkins Ernest Stephen B.Sc. (Loud.) A. R.C.S. 8 Folkestone Road Dover Kent. Haworth Robert B.Sc. (Manc.) c/o Canntiian Cebncse Drummondville Nr. Montreal P.Q. Canada. Hayward Stephen Best 13.S~. (Lond.) 16 Thornton Hill Wimbledon London S.W.19. Haywood Frederick Wardle BSc. (Loncl.) The Cedars Kegworth Nr. Derby. Horrobin Sydney BSc. (Lond.) 235 Chamber Road Oldham Lancs. Huelin Frank Edwin B,Sc. (W.A.) Darlington Western Australia. 246 Hunter John Bell 11 Brunton Place London Road Edinburgh. Hunter Thomas Girvan A.R.T.C. 22 Tanza Road Hampstead London N.W.3. Wells Kent. Jackson Emmanuel A.R.C.Sc.I. Christ’s College Cambridge. Jevons John Dudley Ph.D. B.Sc. (Birm.) The Cottage Coopers Hill Alvechurch Worcs. Kent Cyril Roy BSc. (W.A.) Kenny Street Bassendean Western Australia. Kracovski Jacob B.Sc. Ph.D. (Lond.) D.I.C. 1 Preston Road Loyton- stone London E. 11 Lakeman Miss Enid B.Sc. (Lond.) 37 Culverden Avenue Tunbridge Lewis Harold B.Sc. (Lond.) 15 Cherrnsidc R o d Aigburth Liverpool.Macadam Geoffrey Herbert B.A. (Cantab.) Vale Cottage Bickley Kont. Macfarlane James Ronald B.Sc. (Glas.) 5 Walrner Crescent Ibrox c:1asgow. Macrue John Campbell B.Sc. (Glas.) 39 Thornwood Drive Partick Matheson Donald M.A. B.Sc. (Aberd.) 39 Sunnybenk YIme Aberdeen. Glasgow W.1. Megson Norman Joseph Lane M.Sc. (Birm.) Brunswick House Olton Nr. Birmingham. Miller Douglas Churchill R.Sc. (Edin.) Craighulan Pitlochry Perthshire. Mitchell Patrick M.A. B.Sc. (Aberd.) Schoolhouse Countesswells Aberdeenshire. Munro Andrew Miller A.R.T.C. Dunellen Bishopbriggs Glasgow. Norris Malcolm Eric Girling B.Sc. (Lond.) The Yat Queenhill Road Sanderstead Surrey. Osborn Harry William Edward 27 Howitt Road Hornsey London O’ReilIy Patrick Joseph M.Sc.(N.U.I.) 46 Friary Street Kilkenny Ireland. Paterson Colin B.Sc. (Lond.) 3 Its-mock Road Hammersmith London W.6. Provan Jr. Malcolm A.R.T.C. 13 Mavisbank Terrace Paisley Scotland. N.8. Randle Robert Lewis M.Sc. (Birm.) 60 BristoI Road Edgbaston Bir- Rao Kalle Umanatha B.A. (Madras) c/o The Mysore Iron Works Post mingham. Bhadravati (Shinoga District) India. dene Road Wembley Middx. brook Hythe Kent. Rees Henry George B.Sc. (Lond.) A.R.C.S. D.I.C. St. Donats Harrow- Rowe Geoffrey Keene BSc. (Lond.) A.R.C.S. 124 Seabrook Road Sea- Smirles William Nelson BSc. (Lond.) 35 Springfield Road Kings Heath I3irmingham. Smith Arthur B.Sc. (Lond.) 2 Mateham Avenue Ern Street Hull. S.E. 13. Smith Miss U’inifred Ethel BSc.(Lond.) 20 Blenheim Gardens Wernbley Park Middx. Soyka Charles H S c . (Lond.) A.R.C.S. D.I.C. 26 Elgin Crescent London W,11. Spong Alfred Herbert B.Sc (Lond.) 10 Elmsleigh Road Weston-super- Mare Som. Strtley Godfrey Arthur B.Sc. (Lond.) A.R.C.S. D.I.C. 74 Lansdownc Road London W.17. Taylor Herbert John B,Sc (Lond.) 20 Lewisham Park London Turner Geoffrey B.Sc. (Lond.) 250 Fosse Road South Leicester. Waghray Prithvinath M.Sc. (Allahabad and Manc.) c/o Tho Dyehouso Laboratories College of Technology. Manchester. 247 Westwood Robert James B.Sc. (Lond.) A.R.S.M. c/o The Johannesburg Cansolidatad Investment Co. Ltd. P.O. Box 590 Johannesburg S . Africa. Williams Hugh Amphlett A.C.G.F.C. 249 Kennington Road London New Students.S.E.11. Wilson Arthur Norman B.Sc. (Edin.) 7 Grange Loan Edinburgh. Wilson Herbert Newton Bedford Road Nunthorpe Yorks. Winch Leonard B.Sc. (Lond.) A.R.C.S. 7 Merotone Close Brockley London S.E.4. Amner John William B.Sc. (Lond.) 40 Arnulf Street Rellingham London S.E.G. Rews William Fraser 76 Smdhixrst Street Aigburth Road Liverpool. Roclger Walter Henry 129 Sunderland Road Forest Hill London S.E.23. 13utterfield Henry Herbert 348 St. Albaus R o d Watforcl. Davies Joseph 25 Trafttlgar Street Lr. Broughton Sdford. Frycr Cyril Highfield School Lane Solihull Warwickshire. Gay Philip James 22 Dawson Road Kingston-upon-Thames. Qillies George Denholm 12 Bernard Avenue West Ealing London W. 13. Gillies Malcolm Schoolhouse. Tarbert Harris.Goldie Horace Arnold 19 Church Lane Tipton Strtffs. Hardie Hans Rernond The Elms Ruscombe Twyford Berks. Hodges Walter John Shaw Oa kleigh Cheltenham Road Gloucester. Isaac William Harold B.Sc. (Wales) Castle Farm Brecon S. Wales. Lord James Allan 1 Gordon Street Rawtenstall Rossendale Lancs. Lowther George Kenneth 9 Alexandra Road Harrogate Yorks. Mocklor John Stanley Moorwood Hall Lydden Terrace Leeds. Money Reginald William 41 Clarendon Road Putney London S.W. 15. Naylor John Stanley 12 Milton Street Saltburn-by-the-Sea. Para meswaran. Kollengode Narasimhaies Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India. Shanks William John 17 Edward Street Audenshaw Nr. Manchester. Solomon William 14 Finsen Road Denmark Hill London S.E.5. ll‘olton Miss Winifred Edris 44 Mount Nod Road Stroatham Hill London S.W.16. Wcrrett Leslie Alfred 130 Lordship Lane Tottenhaxn London N. 17. JVosthead James 71 Tyldesley Road Atherton Manchester. White Bertram 119 Silly Oak Road King’s Norton Birmingham. IVilliams. James Edward 96 High Street Street Somerset (Miss) Marjorie Doreen Johnston B.Sc. Associate-on her marriage-to Mrs. Eastham F.R.S. Change of Name. DEATHS. Fellows. Benjamin Arthur Burrell. Archibdcl Liversitlgc M. A. (Cantab) Hon. LL.D. (Glas.) A.R.S.M. JVilliam Horace Sodeau D.Sc. (Lond.) F.1nst.P. Assooiates Richard Burtles M.Sc.Tech. (Manc.). Reginald Charles Pakes B.Sc. (Lond.). 248 General Notices. Streatfei Id Memorial tectu re.-The Tenth Annual Streatfeild Memorial Lecture will be delivered by Mr.0. F. Bloch at the Royal Photographic Society 35 Kussell Square London W.C.1 on Friday the 18th November 1927 at 8 p.in.; subject “The Chemist in the Photographic Industry.” The President Professor Arthur Smithells C.M.G. D.Sc. F.R.S. will preside. The lecture will be open to all Fellows Associates and Registered Students of the Tnstitute and former studvnts of Finsbury Technical College. Tickets of adniission gratis are obtainable by persons other than rnernbcrs and studcnts of the Institute on application to the Registrar Institute of Chemistry 30 Kussell Square London W .C. I. Examinations in 1 928.-The arrangements for examina- tions during 1928 are as follows:- Entries close. Monday 14th November 1927.Monday 13th February 1928. Monday xGth July 1928. Dates of Exams. and to 7th January. or 9th to 14th January. 16th to 21st April. or 23rd to 28th April. 17th to 22nd September. or 24th to 29th September. Candidates for the Associateship will be examined in January April and September and candidates for the Fellowship in April and September. IMPORTANT TO REGISTERED STUDENTS. Sir Edward Frankland Medal and Prize for Registered Students.-A medal and prize (LIO IOS.) for the best essay not exceeding 3,000 words on “The Importance of Chemistry to the Welfare of the People” will be awarded in January 1928 and presented at the next annual general meeting or at a meeting of the local section to which the successful competitor is attached.Entries are limited to registered students who are 249 less than 22 years of age at the time of forwarding the essay. The Council will be glad to have attention directed (before 1st January 1928) to work of the character indicated. The award for the year 1927 will be made in January Each essay must be sent to the Honorary Secretary of the local section of the district in which the competitor resides on or before the 31st December 1927 and must be accompanied by a signed declaration that it is the independent work of the competitor. The Committee of each local section will be asked to select from among the essays received not more than three considered to be the most worthy of the award. Essays will be valued partly for literary style and technique but mainly for the thoughts and ideas contained therein.The essays selected by the local sections will be referred to assessors appointed by the Council. On the report of the assessors the Council will decide whether an award be made. Enquiries on the subject of the Sir Edward Frankland Essays should be addressed to the Registrar. Meld ol a M ed al .-The Meldola Medal is awarded annually to the chemist whose published chemical work shows the most promise and is brought to the notice of the administrators during the year ending 31st December prior to the award; without restricting the award to any particular branch of chemical work the administrators have primary regard to work bearing on analytical chemistry. The recipient must be a British subject not more than 30 years of age at the time of the completion of the work; but until 2928 the award may be made to candidates who at the time of the completion of the work are more than 30 years of age provided that the age of the recipient does not exceed 30 by more than the period during which the recipient was engaged on active naval military or air service.The Medal may not be awarded more than once to the same person. 1928. Beilby Memorial Awards.-From the interest derived from the invested capital of the Sir George Beilby Memorial Fund at intervals to be determined by the administrators representing the Institute of Chemistry the Society of Chemical Industry and the Institute of Metals awards will be made to British investigators in science to mark appreciation of records of distinguished original work preference being given to in- vestigations relating to the special interests of Sir George Beilby including problems connected with fuel economy chemical engineering and metallurgy.Awards will not be made on the result of any competition but in recognition of continuous work of exceptional merit bearing evidence of distinct advancement in knowledge and practice. The administrators of the Fund are the Presidents the Honorary Treasurers and the Secretaries of the three partici- pa ting Institutions. Notice to Associates,-The Council desires to encourage all Associates to proceed to the Fellowship as soon as possible. The attention of Associates elected prior to October 1924 who have since been continuously engaged in the study and practical application of chemistry is directed to the revised syllabuses for the examinations for the Fellowship.Copies of the regulations and forms of application can be obtained from the Registrar. Appointments Register.-A Register of Fellows and Associates of the Institute of Chemistry who are available for appointments is kept at the offices of the Institute. For full information inquiries should be addressed to the Registrar. Fellows and Associates are invited to notify the Institute of suitable vacancies for qualified chemists. Students who have been registered as Students of the Institute for not less than six months and are in the last term of their college course may receive the Appointments Register of the Institute on the same terms as Fellows and Associates provided that their applications for this privilege be endorsed by their professors.Lists of vacancies are forwarded twice weekly to those whose narnes are on the Appointments Register. Fellows and Associates who are already in employment but seeking to improve their positions are required to pay 10s. for a period of six months Members and Students who are without employ- ment are required to pay 6s. 6d. for the first period of six months and if not successful in obtaining an appointment will there- after be supplied with the lists gratis for a further period of six months if necessary. The Institute also maintains a Register of Laboratory Assistants who have passed approved Preliminary Examinations and in some cases Intermediate Science Examinations.251 Fellows and Associates who have vacancies for such Registered Students and Laboratory Assistants are invited to communicate with the Registrar. The Library.-The Library of the Institute is open for the use of Fellows Associates and Registered Students between the hours of 10 a.m. and 6 p.m. on week-days (Saturdays 10 a.m. and I p.m.) except when examinations are being held The library consists of books which are likely to be required by candidates during the Institute’s practical examinations. The comprehensive Library of the Chemical Society is avail- able by the courtesy of the Council of the Society for the use of Fellows and Associates of the Institute wishing to consult or borrow books from 10 a.m.to g p.m on week-days (Saturdays from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.). Registered Students of the Institute are also permitted for the present year to use the Library of the Chemical Society for reference purposes but not to borrow books. Members and Students of the Institute using the Library of the Society are required to conform to the rules of the Society regarding the use of its books. Covers for Journal.-Members who desire covers for binding the JOURNAL (cost about IS. zd. each) are requested to notify the Registrar of their requirements indicating the years for which they are desirous of binding the JOURNAL. Arrangements have been made with Messrs. A. W. Bain & Co. Ltd.17-19 Bishop’s Road Cambridge Heath London E.2. to bind volumes of the JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS on the following terms Buckram case IS. zd.; binding 2s. gd.; postage and packing gd.; in all 4s. 8d. Lantern Slides f o r Lectures.-A collection of slides is kept at the Institute for the use of members who wish to give lectures. The collection includes a large number of portraits and pictures of alchemists and chemists which are especially useful to members lecturing on various phases of the history of chemistry. Changes of f.dd ress.-In view of the expense involved through frequent alterations of addressograph plates etc. Fellows Associates and Registered Students who wish to notify changes of address are requested to give so far as possible their permanefit addresses for registration.252 Election of District Members of Council.-Fellows and Associates are reminded that for the election of District Members of Council nominations should be received at the office of the Institute on or before Monday 12th December 1927. I. In accordance with By-Law 30 (I) the following Districts were defined by the Institute in General Meeting held on 7th March 1921 and amended on 1st March 1923:- (i) Birmingham and Midlands including the Counties of Hereford Salop Stafford Worcester Warwick Derby Nottingham Leicestcr Lincoln 1Cutlaiid and Northampton. (ii) Bristol and South-Western Counties including the Counties of Gloucester Wilts Ilorset Somerset Devon and Cornwall. (iii) Liverpool and North-West Coast including the Counties of Flint Westmorland and Cumberland and so much of the Counties of Chester and Lancaster 8 s lies to the west of the line drawn through the centre of the postal district of Wigan and Warrington; the towns of Wigan and Warrington and all towns on the line of which the greater portion of the postal district lies to the west of the line.The Isle of Man. (iv) London and South-Erstern Counties includiug the Counties of hli-litidlesex Kent Sussex Surrey h r k s Oxford Bucking- htbnl Hertforcl ESSCX Bedford Cumbridge Suffolk Norfolk Huntingclon Hants with tho lsle of Wight and the Channel Islands (v) Mnnchester and District including so much of the Counties of Lancuster and Choster as lies to tho east of the line drawn through the postal districts of Wigan and N7arrington as aforesaid .(vi) North-East Coast and Yorkshire including the Counties of Northumberland 1)urham and York. (vii) Edinburgh and East of Scotland incIuding the Counties of Nnirn Elgin Bariff Aberdeen Kincarcline Forfar Yerth Fife I<inross Clackrnannan Stirling Linlithgow Edinburgh Haddington Berwick Yeebles Selkirk and Roxburgh. (viii) Glasgow and West of Scotland including the Counties of Chithiloss Sutherlaticl Ross and Cromarty Inverness Argyli Dumbarton Renfrew Lanark Ayr Wigtown Kirkcudbright ant1 Dumfrics. (is) ]!-ales (excluding the County of Flint see iii). The County of blonmouth. Northern Ireland us defined in tho Govcrnrrierit of Ireluud Act 1930 and subseyuont cnactmcnts relating thereto.(xi) Irish Free State as defined in tho Uovornrnent of Ireland Act 1920 and subsoquotit enactments relutiiig thereto. (sii) The Commonwealth of Australia the Dominion of Canada the IJorniiiion of New Zealend the Uniou of South Africa the Empire of India tho Crown Colonies and elsewhere abroad. The Council have adopted the following Rules for the election of District Members of Council:- I1 (L) Any five Members whose registered addresses are within any o m District as defined and adopted by the lnstitute in General Meeting 253 may nominate one eligible Fellow as a candidate for election as a District Member of Council for that District but no member shall nominate more than one such Fellow; except that the Committee of any Local Section constituted in accordance with By-Law 94 2(a) may as such nominate one candidate for such election or if there be more than one Local Section in a District the Committees of all the Local Sections in that Districf shall sit jointly for the purpose of nominating one Candidate for auch election.(2) Any nomination made under these Rules shall be delivered to the Secretary a t the Offices of the Institute on or before the second Monday in December in the year preceding the date of election and shall be in the following form :- “We the undersigned Members of the Institute of Chemistry of Great Britain and Ireland do heroby certify that A.B. of (registered a Fellow of this Institute is in address) our estimation a fit and proper person to be a District Member of the Council of the Institute and we do hereby nominate him as a candidate for election as a District Member of the Council.” (3) Any such nomination may consist of several documents in like form each signed by one or more Members.Nominations for District XI1 should be received not later than 31st August. 111. (1) On or before the fi€th day of January in any year the Council shall cause to be sent to every Member in each district in the manner prescribed by By-Law 81 a balloting list containing the names of the candidates nominated for election as District Members of Council for such District and the balloting list shall indicate which if any of the candidates has been nominated by the Committee or Committees of the Local Section or Sections in the respective District; except that in the case of Distxict (xii) this rule shall read 7 if “September” (in the year previous) were substituted for “January.(2) Each Member desirous of voting- (a) Shall record his vote for a District Member of the Council by making a cross against the name of the candidate for whose election he desires to vote but no Member shall vote for more then one such candidate. (b) Shall deliver or transmit his balloting list in a sealed envelope bearing on the outside the signature of the Member addressed to the Secretary a t the office of the Institute so that it be received not later than by the first post oh the third Monday in January in the year for which the election is being held. IV. ( 1 ) The envelopes containing the balloting lists shall on the third Thuraday in January in the year in which the election is held be opened by two Scrutineers not Members of the Council nor candidates nominated for election as District Members of the Council who shall be nominated by the Council in December of the year preceding the election a t a meeting convened specially for that purpose.(2) The balloting list of any member who on the third Thursday in January is in arrear with any subscription or other sum payable by him to the Institute under the By-Laws shall be disallowed. (3) The Scrutineers shall present their Report to the Council at a meeting on the Third Friday in January specially convened for that purpose. 254 (4) The candidate receiving the greatest number of votes in each Dishict respectively shall be elected and in any case of an equality of votes the Council shall decide the matter by ballot.( 6 ) If a t any time after the balloting lists have been sent to members and before the dissolution of the Annual General Meeting anv candidate who would otherwise have been elected has died or has wid- drawn his nominations or has in any way become ineligible for Membership of the Council then the candidate having the next greatest number of votes shall be elected or if there be no such candidate the vacancy shall be filled as provided in Rule V. (6) The election of District Members of Council shall be notified to members when they are served with the balloting list for the election of General Members of Council a t the Annual General Meeting.V. After the fwst election any vacancy among the District Members of the Council occurring between the Annual General Meetings owing to death resignation removal or otherwise shall be filled by the election by the Committee of the Local Section in the respective District of one eligible Fellow; or if there be more than one Local Section in the District the Committees of all the Sections therein shall hold a joint meeting for the purpose of such election. Notice convening a meeting for this purpose shall be sent by the Secretary of the Institute to all the members of the Committee or Committees of the Section or Sections concerned a t least fourteen days before the date of the meeting. If there be no Local Section within a District a casual vacancy shall be filled by the election by the Council of one eligible Fellow from the Fellows resident in that District. I f there be a casual vacancy in the case of the District Member of Council for District (xii) such vacancy shall be filled by the Council by the election of one eligible Fellow. The following Fellows are the present District Members of Council for the Districts indicated and all are eligible for re- election except Mr. Frank Southerden who has completed the period of three years as the representative for the Bristol and South-Western Counties District and retires in accordance with By-Law 23. Birmingham and Midlands Douglas Frank Twiss DSc. Bristol and South-Western Counties Frank Southerden BSc. Liverpool and North-West Coast Richard Thomas D.Sc. London and South-Eastern Counties Lewis Eynon I3.Sc. Manchoster and District William Marshall. North-East Coast and Yorkshire Percy Ewart Bowles Ph.D. Edinburgh and East of Scotland John Adam Watson A.C.G.I. Glasgow and West of Scotland Walter Henry Coleman. Wales and the County of Monmouthshire Christopher Walter Maurice Grieb B.Sc. Northern Ireland Joseph Harold Totton B.A. B.Sc. Irish Free State Alfred Godfrey Gordon Leonard BSc. Ph.D. F.R.C.Sc.1. The Overseas Dominions and elsewhere abroad Frankland Dent M.Sc. Ph.D.