The physical‐climatic and sanitary‐hygienic conditions at Leningradskaya Station, established by the Soviet Union in 1971, are described. Climatic conditions are affected by sharp fluctuations in weather elements, with relative humidity ranging from 20% to 100% in the course of the year, atmospheric pressure from 1018 to 910 mb, air temperature from +5.9° to ‐42°C, and winds of 15 m/sec or more on about 50% of the days. Traumas and colds account for more than half of the incidence of disease. Muscular discontfort (myositis), neuralgic pain in joints (arthralgia) and nerve‐root inflamation (radiculitis) are common. Dental problems are also frequent despite regular examinations.