AN INVESTIGATION OF PEAK SHIFT AND BEHAVIORAL CONTRAST FOR AUTOSHAPED AND OPERANT BEHAVIOR
作者:
M. Catherine Bushnell,
Stanley J. Weiss,
期刊:
Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
(WILEY Available online 1980)
卷期:
Volume 33,
issue 1
页码: 101-118
ISSN:0022-5002
年代: 1980
DOI:10.1901/jeab.1980.33-101
出版商: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
关键词: behavioral contrast;peak shift;stimulus generalization;autoshaping;treadle pressing;pigeons
数据来源: WILEY
摘要:
Instrumental treadle press and nonreinforced key peck responses were monitored during discrimination training and generalization testing in pigeons on positive and negative reinforcement schedules. In Experiment 1, six pigeons pressed a treadle for food on a multiple variable‐interval extinction schedule. In Experiment 2, three pigeons pressed a treadle to avoid shock on a multiple free‐operant avoidance extinction schedule. Different color keylights signaled the S+ and S— components. Some positive behavioral contrast occurred during discrimination training, but the effect was small. Pecking occurred to the S+ keylight in Experiment 1 but not in Experiment 2. On stimulus generalization tests, all subjects displayed a positive peak shift when pressing the treadle for food or to avoid shock. However, peak shift wasnotfound for nonreinforced “autopecks” on the stimulus key, although an area shift was observed in Experiment 1. This is the first demonstration of peak shift for pigeons pressing treadles and the only reliable demonstration of peak shift when negative reinforcement maintained responding. These results, in combination with previous demonstrations of peak shift for rats pressing levers and pigeons pecking keys, indicate that peak shift is a general by‐product of operant discrimination learning, since it occurs across a variety of the organisms, responses, and
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