Pure research is defined as experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge without any particular application or use in view. By contrast, applied research, which, of course, is also undertaken to acquire new knowledge, is directed primarily towards practical aims or objectives. In recent years governments worldwide have used Technology Foresight Exercises, to enable them to direct basic research in universities towards areas of science with commercial potential. There is, of course, but a short step between this approach and the direct involvement of universities in applied research. Using examples from four areas of research in mycology, this article advocates the need to maintain a broad base of pure (curiosity-driven) research in universities and research institutes, as well as identifying a need for government to provide additional funding for areas of research perceived to be of national importance.Key words: fungal diversity,Fusarium graminearum, protein production, Quorn® mycoprotein,Schizosaccharomyces pombe, technology foresight.