Flight Behavior of Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Moths Under Low Wind Speed Conditions
作者:
P. D. Lingren,
J. R. Raulston,
T. W. Popham,
W. W. Wolf,
P. S. Lingren,
J. F. Esquivel,
期刊:
Environmental Entomology
(OUP Available online 1995)
卷期:
Volume 24,
issue 4
页码: 851-860
ISSN:0046-225X
年代: 1995
DOI:10.1093/ee/24.4.851
出版商: Oxford University Press
关键词: Helicoverpa zea;flight behavior;boundary layer
数据来源: OUP
摘要:
Studies were conducted to develop technologies to observe movement behavior, within range of visual observation (≤100 m above ground level), of newly emergedHelicoverpa zea(Boddie) adults and to describe the flight behavior of moths from 6 age or previous activity categories. Moths were released and tracked using a 4-wheel all terrain vehicle, night vision equipment, and auxiliary infrared lighting. Movement, flight behavior, and weather parameters were recorded as moths moved from the take-off site. Observations at Lane, OK, during 1988 indicated that moths tracked on the night after emergence were observable longer than other moth categories. Moths released 1 and 2 nights after emergence were lost primarily because of altitude (>100 m above ground level). Shortly after take-off, moths exhibited spiral flight up to a mean altitude of ≍50 m, and female moths ascended at a sharper angle and faster than males. Subsequently, the angle and rate of ascent decreased and relatively straight, more oriented flight was assumed. Differences in means of observed moth and calculated moth velocity indicated moths were heading crosswise or even into the wind to counter drift (crabbing) during flight. The moths crabbed positively (mean = 8l.8 ± 18.4) to east-northeast winds on 1 night and negatively (mean = −134.2 ± 19.1) to east-southeast winds on another night to obtain a preferred direction to the west. Plots of crab angles with respect to wind speeds suggest that orientation of the moths became increasingly upwind with increasing wind speed. Changes in crab angles with respect to wind speed indicated that there was less variation among crab angles as wind speed increased.
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