Over the past year, research about urinary tract infections in childhood has yielded new data about methods to detect, treat, and evaluate children who develop urinary tract infection. New imaging modalities have been studied. Long term studies following children with urinary tract infection have also been published over the last year. However, major questions remain to be answered, including the underlying basis of host-pathogen interactions in the urinary tract, as well as the most effective methods for clinical diagnosis and management.