首页   按字顺浏览 期刊浏览 卷期浏览 Overland heroin trafficking routes and HIV-1 spread in south and south-east Asia
Overland heroin trafficking routes and HIV-1 spread in south and south-east Asia

 

作者: Chris Beyrer,   Myat Razak,   Khomdon Lisam,   Jie Chen,   Wei Lui,   Xiao-Fang Yu,  

 

期刊: AIDS  (OVID Available online 2000)
卷期: Volume 14, issue 1  

页码: 75-83

 

ISSN:0269-9370

 

年代: 2000

 

出版商: OVID

 

关键词: heroin trafficking;HIV/AIDS;Asia;molecular epidemiology

 

数据来源: OVID

 

摘要:

ObjectivesBurma produces approximately 60% of the world's heroin, Laos is the third leading producer. Recent outbreaks of injecting drug use and HIV-1 in Burma, India, China, and Vietnam have been associated with Burmese and Laotian overland heroin trafficking routes. We analyzed findings from narcotics investigations, molecular epidemiology studies of HIV-1, and epidemiologic and behavioral studies of injecting drug use, to evaluate the roles that the heroin export routes play in the spread of drug use and HIV-1 in south and south-east Asia.MethodsWe reviewed the medical and narcotics literature, the molecular epidemiology of HIV, and did key informant interviews in India, China, and Burma with injecting drug users, drug traffickers, public health staff, and narcotics control personnel.ResultsFour recent outbreaks of HIV-1 among injecting drug users appear linked to trafficking routes. Route 1: From Burma's eastern border to China's Yunnan Province, with initial spread of HIV-1 subtype B, and later C. Route 2: Eastern Burma to Yunnan, going north and west, to Xinjiang Province, with B, C, and a B/C recombinant subtype. Route 3: Burma and Laos, through northern Vietnam, to China's Guangxi Province, subtype E. Route 4: Western Burma, across the Burma–India border to Manipur, predominant subtype C, and B and E.ConclusionsOverland heroin export routes have been associated with dual epidemics of injecting drug use and HIV infection in three Asian countries and along four routes. Molecular epidemiology is useful for mapping heroin routes. Single country narcotics and HIV programs are unlikely to succeed unless the regional narcotic-based economy is addressed.

 

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