SPECIAL DISCUSSIONS OF THE FARADAY SOCIETY NO. 1 1970 Thin Liquid Films and Boundary Layers Published for THE FARADAY SOCIETY ACADEMIC PRESS LONDON AND NEW YORK bY ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD 24-28 Oval Road London N.W.l. 7DD. U.S. Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS INC. 11 1 Fifth Avenue New York New York 10003 Copyright 0 1971 By THE FARADAY SOCIETY All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by photostat microfilm or any other means without written permission from the publishers Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 70-141730 ISBN 0-1 2-694550-0 Printed in Great Britain by THE ABERDEEN UNIVERSITY PRESS ABERDEEN SCOTLAND A SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON Thin Liquid Films and Bounday Layers 28th 29th and 30th September 1970 A SPECIAL DISCUSSION on Thin Films and Boundary Layers was held at the University of Cambridge on the 28th 29th and 30th September 1970.It represented the first of a new series of Discussion on physical chemistry topics of particular sig- nificance in industrial and technological research. Such Special Discussions are expected to be held on topics of scientific and industrial importance and timeliness at intervals and not necessarily on a yearly basis. The President Prof. Geoffrey Gee C.B.E. F.R.S. opened the meeting and wel- comed 220 members and others. Among the visitors from overseas were Mr. C. M. Allen U.S.A. Dr. R. De Backer Belgium Mr. Bongrand France Dr. E. Drauglis Germany Mr. F. Dumont Belgium Mr. J. G. J. Egberink Netherlands Mr. J. A. de Feijter Netherlands Dr. G. H. Findenegg Austria Dr.G. Frens Netherlands Mr. C . Guestaux France Dr. M. L. Hair U.S.A. Mr. H. Hasmonay France Dr. T. Hendrikx France Dr. E. P. Honig Netherlands Mr. J. Hougardy Belgium Dr. A. M. Joseph-Petit Belgiurn Prof. H. Lange Germany Mr. J. W. Lichtenbelt Netherlands Dr. A. Lucas Belgium Prof. J. Lyklema Netherlands Ir. A. M. Michels Netherlands Dr. K. J. Mysels U.S.A. Prof. Dr. H. van Olphen Netherlands Prof. J. Th. G. Overbeek Netherlands Dr. G. Peschel Germany Dr. A. Prins Netherlands Dr. H. E. Ries Jr. U.S.A. Mr. J. B. Rijnbout Netherlands Dr. K. Roberts Sweden Prof. J. R. Robinson New Zealand Prof. Dr. E. Ruckenstein U.S.A. Prof. Dr. G. Schay Hungary Prof. A. Scheludko Bulgaria Dr. G. Schreier Germany Dr. M. Schwuger Germany Dr. J. A. N. Scott Netherlands Prof. L. E. Scriven U.S.A. Dr. R.Senkus U.S.A. Dr. J. M. Serratosa Spain Dr. H. Sonntag Germany Dr. J. H. Stark Switzerland Dr. W. Stone Belgium Dr. B. Stuke Germany Dr. G. Szasz Switzerland Dr. M. van den Tempel Netherlands Dr. L. Ter-Minassian-Saraga France Mr. J. Thorin France Mr. P. Viaud France Prof. Miss M. Vignes France Prof. A. Vrij Netherlands Prof. A. Watillon Belgium Prof. K. G. Weil Germany A SPECIAL DISCUSSION ON Thin Liquid Films and Bounday Layers 28th 29th and 30th September 1970 A SPECIAL DISCUSSION on Thin Films and Boundary Layers was held at the University of Cambridge on the 28th 29th and 30th September 1970. It represented the first of a new series of Discussion on physical chemistry topics of particular sig- nificance in industrial and technological research. Such Special Discussions are expected to be held on topics of scientific and industrial importance and timeliness at intervals and not necessarily on a yearly basis.The President Prof. Geoffrey Gee C.B.E. F.R.S. opened the meeting and wel- comed 220 members and others. Among the visitors from overseas were Mr. C. M. Allen U.S.A. Dr. R. De Backer Belgium Mr. Bongrand France Dr. E. Drauglis Germany Mr. F. Dumont Belgium Mr. J. G. J. Egberink Netherlands Mr. J. A. de Feijter Netherlands Dr. G. H. Findenegg Austria Dr. G. Frens Netherlands Mr. C . Guestaux France Dr. M. L. Hair U.S.A. Mr. H. Hasmonay France Dr. T. Hendrikx France Dr. E. P. Honig Netherlands Mr. J. Hougardy Belgium Dr. A. M. Joseph-Petit Belgiurn Prof. H. Lange Germany Mr. J. W. Lichtenbelt Netherlands Dr. A. Lucas Belgium Prof. J. Lyklema Netherlands Ir.A. M. Michels Netherlands Dr. K. J. Mysels U.S.A. Prof. Dr. H. van Olphen Netherlands Prof. J. Th. G. Overbeek Netherlands Dr. G. Peschel Germany Dr. A. Prins Netherlands Dr. H. E. Ries Jr. U.S.A. Mr. J. B. Rijnbout Netherlands Dr. K. Roberts Sweden Prof. J. R. Robinson New Zealand Prof. Dr. E. Ruckenstein U.S.A. Prof. Dr. G. Schay Hungary Prof. A. Scheludko Bulgaria Dr. G. Schreier Germany Dr. M. Schwuger Germany Dr. J. A. N. Scott Netherlands Prof. L. E. Scriven U.S.A. Dr. R. Senkus U.S.A. Dr. J. M. Serratosa Spain Dr. H. Sonntag Germany Dr. J. H. Stark Switzerland Dr. W. Stone Belgium Dr. B. Stuke Germany Dr. G. Szasz Switzerland Dr. M. van den Tempel Netherlands Dr. L. Ter-Minassian-Saraga France Mr. J. Thorin France Mr. P. Viaud France Prof. Miss M. Vignes France Prof.A. Vrij Netherlands Prof. A. Watillon Belgium Prof. K. G. Weil Germany CONTENTS Page 7 12 20 30 37 46 57 64 75 89 98 105 112 118 128 138 General Introduction by B. A. Pethica Bursting of Soap Films. Part 4.-The Behaviour of Ions on a Crowded Surface by G. Frens Karol J. Mysels and B. R. Vijayendran Response of an Equilibrium Film to External Disturbances by A. Prins and M. van den Tempe1 Aqueous Foam Films Stabilized by a Non-Ionic Surface-Active Agent by J. S. Clunie J. M. Corkill J. F. Goodman and B. T. Ingram GENERAL DIscussIoN.-Dr. B. A. Pethica Dr. K. J. Mysels Dr. G. Frens Dr. A. T. Florence Prof. A. Vrij Dr. A. Prins Dr. M. N. Jones Dr. H. Sonntag Dr. J. M. Corkill Dr. S. Levine Prof. G. M. Bell Prof. A. Scheludko Prof. J. Lyklema Prof. R. J. Good Composition and Energy Relationships for Some Thin Lipid FiIms and the Chain Conformation in Monolayers at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces by D.M. Andrews E. D. Manev and D. A. Haydon Interaction Energy of Emulsion Droplets and the Influence of Adsorbed Layers on it by H. Sonntag J. Netzel and B. Unterberger Cohesive Properties of Thin Films of Liquids Adhering to a Solid Surface by J . F. Padday GENERAL Drscuss1oN.-Mr. D. W. J. Osmond Dr. H. E. Ries Dr. H. Sonntag Prof. J. Th. G. Overbeek Dr. D. A. Haydon Dr. G. H. Findenegg Dr. B. Vincent Prof. A. Scheludko Prof. J. Lyklema Dr. J. F. Padday Dr. R. G. Picknett Dr. L. M. Dormant Dr. G. Frens Thermodynamic Properties of Thin Films of Some Dipolar Liquids Adjacent to Fused Silica Surfaces by K. H. Adlfinger and G. Peschel Boundary Viscosity of Polydimethylsiloxane Liquids and their Binary Mixtures by B.V. Deryaguin V. V. Karasev I. A. Lavygin I. I. Skorokhodov and E. N. Khromova Boundary Layers of Pure Liquids at the Graphon Surface by S. G. Ash and G. H. Findenegg Contact between a Gas Bubble and a Solid Surface and Froth Flotation by A. Scheludko S1. Tschaljowska and A. Fabrikant Interfacial Energies of CIean Mica and of Monomolecular Films of Fatty Acids Deposited on Mica in Aqueous and Non-Aqueous Media by Anita I. Bailey Andrea G. Price and Susan M. Kay GENERAL DIscussIoN.-Prof. J. Th. G. Overbeek Dr. G. Peschel Dr. K. J. Padday Prof. L. E. Scriven Prof. B. V. Deryaguin Prof. V. V. Karasev Dr. A. Smith Dr. A. Cameron Prof. S. G. Mason Dr. S. G. Ash Dr. G. H. Findenegg Dr. J. W. White Prof. R. J. Good Mr. A. J. Groszek Dr. A. I.Bailey Dr. H. E. Ries Dr. B. A. Pethica Dr. K. W. Miller. Measurement of Forces between Colloidal Particles by L. M. Barclay and R. H. Ottewill 5 6 CONTENTS 148 158 164 175 187 194 202 213 221 231 243 251 257 269 Boundary Layers be f ween Silver Iodide crnd Aqueous Solutioris at Low Temperatures by B. Vincent and J. Lyklema Boundary Layer near the Surface of a Solid Body and Low Frequency Dielec- tric Dispersion by S. S. Dukhin GENERAL DIscussIoN.-Dr. L. M. Barclay Dr. R. H. Ottewill Prof. J. Th. G. Overbeek Prof. G. M. Bell Dr. S. Levine Prof. H. van Olphen Dr. B. A. Pethica Dr. Th. F. Tadros Dr. G. Peschel Dr. A. L. Smith Dr. B. Vincent Prof. J. Lyklema. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Water in Disperse Systems by J. Clifford J. Oakes and G. J. T. Tiddy Interlayer Water in Vermiculite Thermodynamic Properties Packing Density Nuclear Pulse Resonance and Infra-Red Absorption by J.Hougardy J. M. Serratosa W. Stone and H. van Olphen Neutron Scattering Studies of Hydrated Layer Silicates by S. Olejnik G. C. Stirling and J. W. White GENERAL DIscussIoN.-Prof. A. Watillon Prof. S. S. Dukhin Prof. H. Pfeifer Mr. J. Clifford Dr. G. Peschel Dr. A. L. Smith Prof. J. Th. G. Overbeek Dr. E. Willis Dr. M. L. Hair Dr. J. M. Serratosa Dr. W. Stone Dr. R. G. W. Anderson Dr. J. W. White Dr. A. M. Hecht Dr. E. Geissler Dr. B. A. Pethica Dr. M. M. Breuer. Measurement of Viscosity of Liquids in Quartz Capillaries by N. V. Churayev V. D. Sobolev and Z. M. Zorin Preliminary Studies of Thick Surface Films by A. J. Smith and A. Cameron Thickness of Very Thin Films in Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication by A. Dyson Mechanical Properties of Very Thin Surface Films by A. D. Roberts and D. Tabor Smectic Model for Liquid Films on Solid Surfaces Part 1 .-Application to Monolayer Boundary Lubrication by E. Drauglis A. A. Lucas and C. M. Allen GENERAL DIscuss1oN.-Prof. J. Lyklema Dr. N. V. Churayev Dr. V. D. Sobolev Dr. Z . M. Zorin Dr. G. Peschel Dr. B. A. Pethica Dr. B. Stuke Mr. D. W. J. Osmond Dr. A. Cameron Dr. H. E. Ries Dr. D. Tabor Dr. A. J. Groszek Dr. A. J. Smith Dr. A. Dyson Dr. K. J. Mysels Dr. A. D. Roberts Dr. Th. F. Tadros Dr. E. Drauglis Dr. G. Frens. AUTHOR INDEX