The energy transfer due to weak nonlinear interactions in random wave fields is reinterpreted in terms of a hypothetical ensemble of interacting particles, antiparticles, and virtual particles. In the particle picture, the interactions can be conveniently described by Feynman diagrams, which may be regarded either as branch diagrams of the perturbation expansion or as collision diagrams. The derivation of the transfer expressions can then be reduced to a few general rules for the construction of the diagrams and the associated collision cross sections. The representation follows closely the standard treatment of nonlinear lattice vibrations, but the particle picture differs from the usual phonon interpretation of lattice waves. It has the unrealistic property that the energies and number densities of antiparticles are negative. This is offset by simpler interaction rules and a closer correspondence between the perturbation graphs and collision diagrams. The method is illustrated for scattering processes in the oceanic wave guide involving surface and internal gravity waves, horizontal currents (turbulence), seismic waves, and bottom irregularities.