AbstractRadiation exchange calculations by the Monte Carlo method. Theory and applications to industrial combustion systems.The goal of this contribution is to indicate possible applications of the Monte Carlo method to calculation of radiation exchange process in combustion plant. A brief introduction to the method is accompanied by an account of modelling of radiation exchange and a description of the optical properties of the combustion chamber suspension. The Monte Carlo model used is presented and special formulations are given. The application of the method for the calculation of technical combustion systems is illustrated for two large‐scale combustion plant (coal‐ and lignite‐fired). Flow and thermal yield are estimated in order to reduce the computational effort and to achieve industrially relevant applicability. The simulated results show good agreement with available measurements. Coupling with complete flame and combustion chamber models in which turbulent binary flow and local heat liberation are calculated is feasible and is discussed in the final se