Accurate measurements on the static structure factorS(Q)for liquid bismuth at 566 K are reported. The non-simple structure of bismuth is discussed in the light of existing theories for liquid metals. The pair distribution function is evaluated as well as the first order pair potential according to the procedure suggested by de Angelis and March. The results have been used to calculate the fourth energy moment of the dynamic scattering function and good agreement is obtained with recently published experimental results.