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Environmental Effects of Human Activities on Rivers in the Huanghe-Huaihe-Haihe Plain, China

 

作者: GuoyuanGong,   JiongxinXu,  

 

期刊: Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography  (Taylor Available online 1987)
卷期: Volume 69, issue 1  

页码: 181-188

 

ISSN:0435-3676

 

年代: 1987

 

DOI:10.1080/04353676.1987.11880206

 

出版商: Taylor&Francis

 

数据来源: Taylor

 

摘要:

ABSTRACTRivers in the Huang-Huai-Hai plain, China, are deeply influenced by a variety of human activities including man-made effects on runoff, changes in the rate of sediment accumulation on the plain, alterations in river channel processes, migration of dissolved salts in soil, changes in groundwater and soil conditions near the rivers, and changes in the ecology of rivers and lakes. Changes in the Huang-Huai-Hai plain have been very great.Construction of major reservoirs in upstream reaches of rivers draining to the plain beginning after 1949 first reduced peak flows and, along with diminished flow caused by diversions for agriculture and industry and reservoir evaporation, subsequently made many rivers ephemeral in the lower reaches. Flow to the sea was reduced 52 percent and sediment more than 80 percent.“resulting in a reduction of the aggradation rate from 1.4 to 0.5 mm/yr. Sediment concentrations are as high as 61 kg/m3in rivers from the mountains. Channels initially deepened and narrowed, but with ephemeral flows aggradation renewed. Aeolian activity increased and channel form was determined by the interaction of wind and river flow. In sluices and behind barrages, standing water and wind action induced bank failure and deposition reaching at the most 2.6 m on the channel bed. Deposition at the coast increased with the decline in river flow. Salt concentrations also increased in the declining flow with deposition in depressions and behind levees and laterally adjacent to river beds 3 to 10 m higher than surrounding plains. A lowered water table, however, has also occurred and the area of salinization has been reduced in some regions by 50 percent. The area of lakes and quality of water have been reduced by reductions in inflow and pollutant discharge from industry; and agriculture Baiyangdian Lake was reduced from 280 km2to 160 km2and fish and shrimp production dropped 80 percent between 1965 and 1978.

 

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