CHAPTER 4 Applications EXPLANATION OF THE TABLES Each o f the Applications Sections, 4.1 t o 4.9, i s accompanied by a Table which summarizes the p r i n c i p a l a n a l y t i c a l features o f the references from which the corresponding Section i s compiled. A l l relevant references are included i n the appropriate Table, while the accompanying t e x t discusses only the more noteworthy contributions.These Applications Tables form a convenient source o f information f o r analysts interested i n p a r t i c u l a r elements , matrices, sample treatments, o r atomization systems. I n many cases, s u f f i c i e n t d e t a i l i s given f o r the a n a l y t i c a l procedure t o be followed; absence o f such d e t a i l usually means t h a t the information was n o t d i r e c t l y available t o the compiler o f the table, and the o r i g i n a l reference should be consulted.The key t o the tables i s given below. ELEMENT X/nm MATRIX CO NC ENT RAT I 0 N TECH. ATOMIZATION ANALYTE SAMPLE TREATMENT REF. The elements determined are l i s t e d i n alphabetical order o f chemical symbol, except t h a t , f o r space economy, mu1 ti-element applications ( 5 elements o r more) are given a t the end o f some tables.The wavelength, i n nanometres, a t which the analysis was per- formed. An i n d i c a t i o n , necessarily b r i e f , o f the material analysed. The concentration range orllevel o f the element-In the o r i g i n a l matrix, expressed as ug g The atomic spectroscopy technique i s indicated by A (absorp- t i o n ) , E (emission), o r F (fluorescence).The atomization process i s indicated by the abbreviation A ( a r c ) , S (spark), F (flame) , o r P (plasma) , usually w i t h some a d d i t i o n a l descriptive d e t a i l , e.g. F, Air/C2H2 o r P, I C P . The form o f the sample, as presented t o the instrument, i s indicated by S ( s o l i d ) , L ( l i q u i d ) , o r G (gas o r vapour). A b r i e f i n d i c a t i o n i s given o f the sample pre-treatment re- quired t o produce the analyte. The number r e f e r s t o the main Reference section, which gives the t i t l e o f the paper and the name(s) o f the author(s), w i t h address. f o r s o l i d s and mg 1 f o r l i q u i d s . - 123