SUMMARYThe whole of the fossil canid material at present available from the Transvaal caves has been examined.Canis terblanchei(Broom) is considered to be a valid species, but the type specimen does not come from the Kromdraai deposit, as Broom originally stated. This species has not been found at any of the three main deposits, but at least one additional specimen lias been found at the site known as Coopers.A new species,Canis brevirostris,is described from the Sterkfontein type site. This species does not resemble either of the living South African jackals, and it has not been found at Swartkrans or Kromdraai.A large number of specimens, including material from all the three main sites, is considered to belong to a form differing only slightly from the livingCanis mesomelas.Although the material may be somewhat heterogeneous it has not been found possible to sub‐divide it, and all the specimens have been referred to a subspecies of the living form which has been namedCanis mesomelas pappos.The position ofCanis antiquus(Broom) remains undecided.A mandibular fragment from Swartkrans is provisionally referred toVulpes pulcherBroo