BackgroundStimulus intensity is a major determinant of the antinociceptive activity of opiates. This study focused on the influence of the spatial characteristics of nociceptive stimuli, on opiate‐induced depressions of nociceptive transmission at the level of the spinal cord.MethodsAnesthetized rats were prepared to allow extracellular recordings to be made from convergent neurons in the lumbar dorsal horn. The effects of systemic morphine (1 and 10 mg/kg) were compared with those of saline for thermal stimuli of constant intensity, applied to the area of skin surrounding the excitatory receptive field (1.9 cm2) or to a much larger adjacent area (18 cm2).ResultsThe responses (mean +/− SD) elicited by the 1.9‐cm2stimulus were not modified by 1 mg/kg intravenous morphine, although they were decreased by the 10‐mg/kg dose (to 11 +/− 4% of control values compared with saline; P < 0.05). In contrast, when the 18‐cm2stimulus was applied, 1 mg/kg intravenous morphine produced a paradoxical facilitation of the neuronal responses (159 +/− 36% of control values; P < 0.05) and 10 mg/kg intravenous morphine resulted in a weaker depression of the responses (to 42 +/− 24% of control values; P < 0.05) than was observed with the smaller stimulus.ConclusionsDoses of systemic morphine in the analgesic range for rats had dual effects on nociceptive transmission at the level of the spinal cord, depending on the surface area that was stimulated. Such effects are difficult to explain in terms of accepted pharmacodynamic concepts and may reflect an opioid‐induced depression of descending inhibitory influences triggered by spatial summation.