30 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. M in e r a 1 o g i c a 1 C h e m i s t r y. Cliftonite, a Cubic Form of Graphitic Carbon. By L. FLETCHER (Min. Mag., 7, 121-130).-A meteoritic iron found on 5th January, 1884, in the district of Youndegin, Western Australia, contains a remarkable form of carbon resembling graphite but crystal- lising in the cubic form. Four fragments of the meteorite were found, weighing 252, 24, 17, and 6 lbs. respectively. I n addition there was about 1 7 lbs. of what appeared to be an outer shell, doubt- less due to the weathering of the original mass. The meteorite is extremely hard, and contains numerous inclixsions of schreibersibe. I t has a sp. gr. of 7.85. No distinct figures were obtained on etching. Analysis gave- Fe. Ni. Co. Cu. Mg. P. S. Insol. cubes.Total. 92-67 6.46 0.55 trace 0.42 0.24 nil 0.04 100.38 The insoluble residue consists of about a hundred small cubes of an opaque greyish-black mineral with metallic lustre. The hardness is 2.5, the sp. gr. 2.12, and the streak black and shining. It is not attacked by acids, and but slowly by fused nitre. It burns away very slowly in air, leaving a minute residue. Chemical tests show that the residue resembles graphite, but it is harder and occurs in definite cubic crystals. The author is of opinion that it is an allotropic modi- fication of carbon distinct from diamond and graphite, and names it cZiftonite after Professor R. B. Clifton, of Oxford. Natural Gas of Pennsylvania. By K. SORGE (Ja6rb.f. Min., 1887, ii, Ref., 318-320 ; from Xtahl und Eisen, 7, 93--108).-Since 1821, natural gas has been used in Pennsylvania in a limited and irregular way for illuminating and heating purposes.Since 1883, however, it has attained an extraordinarily repid development for industrial pur- poses. The chemical composition of the gas varies in the different wells, and even in the same well after a short lapse of time. In all cases, marsh-gas is the principal constituent. The mean volumetric com- position of the gas is as follows :- B. H. B. At the present time, 15 towns are supplied with natural gas. CHI. H. 0. N. C2H6. C,H,. COz. CO. Total. 67 22 0.8 3 5 1 0.6 0.6 100.0 The composition is said to vary within the following limits :- 60-80 5-20 1-12 1-8 0-2 0-3-2 trace CHI. H. N. C,HB. C,H,. COP CO.MIXERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY.31 Experiments made by Ford show that gas from the same well may vary considerably. In the gas-pipes of the Edgar Thomson steel- works at Pittsburgh, on different days, the gas contained per cent. :- Nitrogen. Carbonic anhydride. 0 xy gen . 0 to 23 0 to 2 0.4 to 4 The natural gas of Pennsylvania is strikingly similar in composi- Servian Coal. By S. M. LOSANITSCH (Bey., 20, 2716-2718).- Large coal seams occur in Sorvia in strata varying in age from that of the carboniferous to that of the tertiary formations, and in the paper, analyses are given of graphite, of 33 specimens of coal, and of 4 specimens of shale yielding paraffin, obtained from different locali- ties. Corrections are applied for the amount of hygroscopic water and of ash in the estimation of the percentage of volatile matter and coke obtained from each sample of coal.The table (p. 32) gives the percentage composition of the samples of coal from each formation yielding the greatest and least number of calories respectively. On dry distillation, the paraffin shale from Subotinci gave the fol- lowing results :-Tar, 34.00 ; water, 8.00 ; ash, 29.25 ; carbon (in the ash), 17.28 ; gas, 11.47. A poorer specimen gave 10 per cent. of tar, and the shale from Mijonica, from Ora3ac, and from Bovan, gave 7 to 18 per cent., 31.5 per cent., and 30 per cent. of tar respectively. w. P. w. Ullmannite from Lolling and from Sarrabus. By C. KLEIN and P. JANNASCH (Jahrb. f. Min., 1887, ii, Mem., 169--173).--The ullmannite, NiSbS, discovered at Sarrabw in Sardinia in 1883, crys- tallises in the regular system in hemihedral crystals with parallel faces.A comparison of this mineral with the hemihedral crystals with inclined faces, having the same empirical constitution, had previoiisly not been instituted. The authors having secured some of the extremely rare material from Lolling, have now been enabled to make the comparison. The percentage compositions of the ullmannites analysed were as follows :- tion to the illuminating gas obtained from Westphalian gas-coal. B. H. B. 8. Sb. As. Ni. Co. Fe. Insoluble. Total. Sp. gr. I. 14.69 55.71 1.38 28.13 0.25 0.09 0.27 100.52 6.625 11. 14.64 55-73 0.75 28.17 trace 0.17 0.11 99.57 6.733 I. ITllmannite from Lolling ; 11. from Sarrabus. It is thus evident that the two specimens have the same chemical composition and specific gravity. Crystallographical investigations, however, prove that the Liilling crystals are hemihedral with inclined faces, whilst the Sarrabus crystals are hemihedral with parallel faces.The authors are unable to prove that these differences are only apparentl, and that the crystals are tetartohedral. B. H. B. Bismuthite from the Transvaal. By H. LOUIS ( N i m . Mag., 7 , 139-140) .-Bismuthite occurs plentifully, though finely disseminated,Dusci5ption and source. Volatile matter. Graphite ----- Coke* Coal (3) from carboniferous for- mations ---_ - ---- 10.94 1’7’23 37.12 37’02 40’70 ---- ---_ ---_ ---- ---- 39.61 49-36 29’61 -- Cod (6) from Jura formations - 83.35 61.77 49.45 39.59 47.61 27-65 16.80 2.48 -- Coal (12) from chalk formatiom Coal (12) from tmtiary forma- tions.Paraffin shale Locali by. ---- ~ Stol 92 -59 Miistapid- Miiljenovuc 82.61 Kladurovo 74 -34 _L___--- ----- I -I -- Milanovac don ji 64 -54 Mrtvica 63 * 42 Jelovac 51 *75 ---__- ----I_ Miliva 59 *44 Kostolw 43 -45 -___I-__- Subotinoi 4’7 *23 ----- Mi jonica 1’7 *09 H. 3.81 3 -10 6.80 2 -32 -- 3 (& N). - 6 ‘48 4 -80 4 -06 11.04 l a -55 21 ’39 -- -- --- -- I-I2O. I Ash. I-- -- - l - I-- -- Calories. -- - -- ’7’725 7007 8089 --.-- 5845 5771 4257 5158 -- -- 3497 5541 -- -MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 33 in the auriferous quartz veins in the Lydenburg district of the Trans- vaal. It is amorphous, pulverulent, opaque, and of a yellow colour. Its hardness is about 3, and its sp. gr. 6-86, Analysis gave tihe fol- lowing reaults :- Quartz.Bi20,. CO,. H20. FepO,. Totd. 0.9 79.6 7.2 2.7 9.6 100.0 This corresponds with the formula BizHzCOB. A similar para- genesis of bismuthite wibh auriferous quart5 has been recorded from South Carolina. B. H. B. Barytes in the Carpathians. By F. v. HAUER (Jahrb. f. Milz., 1887, ii, Ref., 284; from Verh. d. geol. Reichsanst., 18, 387).-About three-quarters of a mile to the north-west of Losoncz, an extensive deposit of barytes has been found in association with the melaphyre which bursts through the new red sandstone at. that locality. The mineral exhibits a coarsely crystalline texture, and has a sp. gr. of 9-47. Fully developed crystals are not found. B. H. B. Identity of Dreelite and Barytes. By A. LACROIX (Jahrb. f. Miw., 1887, ii, Ref., 266; from Bull.SOC. Franc. Min., 8, 435-437). -The mineral termed dreelite by Dufrhoy is shown by the angles of the cleavage planes and by the optical characters to be identical with barytes. On account of deficiency of material, an analysis was im- possible. Probably, however, the percentage of calcium sulphate given by Dufr6noy was due to impurities. B. H. B. Titanite. By IC. Bnsz (Jahrb. f. Min., 5, Beilage, 330-380).- This elaborate monograph is divided into two parts, one giving the results of a chemical and optical examination of a large number of specimens of titanite, the other giving the results of the crystallo- graphical examination. The research was undertaken primarily to determine whether there is any relation between the chemical com- position of titanite and its optical constants.The specimens ex- amined were from t'he following 10 localities :-Schwarzenstein in the Zillerthal, Eisbruckalp, Val Maggia, St. Gothard, Wildkreuzjoch in Tyrol, Laacher See, Arendal in Norway, Renfrew and Grenville in Canada, and Monroe in Michigan. As a rule, the author finds that in titanites containing iron, the angle of the optic axes is larger than that of titanites containing no iron. Exceptions to this rule are, the titanite from Monroe, which wit,h a very high percentage of iron has a comparatively small axial angle, and the titanite from the Zillerthal, which with 1.07 per cent. of ferric oxide has the smallest axial angle of all the titanites examined. It is, however, evident that the mag- nitude of the axial angle of titanites rich in iron is not in proportion to the percentage of iron. In his crjshallographic investigation, the author observed 75 planes occurring on titanite crystals.Of this number, 22 have not hitherto been observed. B. H. B. TOL. LIV. d84 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. Palaeopicrite of Amelose and the Products of its Altera- tion. By R. BRAUNS (Jahrb. f. Mi~t., 5, Beilage, 275-3?9).-Sincc 1831, when Breithaupt first showed that the well-known crystals found at Snarum, Norway, were pseudomorphs of serpentine after olivine, the alteration of olivine and the new minerals formed thereby have frequently been the objects of careful investigation. In no place, however, is the immediate connection of olivine with the products of its alteration so apparent as at Amelose, near Biendenkopf, in Hesse, where within an area of a hundred square yards is found not only the olivine rock in place, but also all the recent minerals formed from it.The latter inclnde serpentine, chrysotile, metaxite, picrolite, a new magnesium iron silicate, calcite, and quartzite interesting on account of the occurrence of the extremely rare planes $El$-, +R%. The matrix of these minerals differs from that of most serpentines in that, it is of Devonian age, aud not interstratified in crystalline schists. The new mineral is named by the author webskyite, after the late Professor Websky of Berlin. It is amorphous, and has a pitch-black colour with a brownish-green streak. In thin fragments, the colonr is bright green. The hardness is 3, and the sp.gr. only 1.771. Its constituents are qualitatively the same as those of serpentine. It8 qaantitative composition, however, is different, since it contains 31 per cent. of water, 21 per cent. of which is lost a t 100". Analysis shows that the mineral has the formula, H6R4Si,Ol3 + 6H20, in which R represents Mg and Fe. The new mineral is probably of more fre- quent occurrence than might be imagined ; the author having dis- covered it on specimens of diopside and of serpentine in the Berlin and Marburg museums. A Variety of Granulite, the Matrix of two New Minerals. Ry H. SAUER (Jahrb. .f. &!in., 1887, ii, Ref., 295 ; from Zed. deutsck. 9eo.L Ges., 38, 704-706).-11~ a new quarry by the railwa7 station of Waldheim in Saxony, the following two new minerals were found in the granulite :--Prismathe, crpstallising in rhombic prisms with- out terminal planes, gronped radially.It resembles andalusite or sillimanite. It easily alters to a finely fibrous substance, termed cryptotile (Analysis 11) :- It is, in fact, an olivine-diabase (pakeopicrife). B. H. B. Its composition is given under I. SiO,. A1203. FeO. MgO. Na2O. KZO. H20. Total. J. 30.89 43-06 6-26 15.08 2.04 0.79 1.36 99.50 11. 48.43 41.63 - 2.13 - I 7.70 99-89 B. H. B. Rocks from the Congo. By C . KLEMENT (Ja7trb.f. M h . , 1887, ii, Ref., 300-301 ; from T.schermak Min. Mitth., 8, 1--27).-The author gives analyses of two specimens of laterite from the Congo. 'J'hey are composed of a conglomerate of quartz grains cemented by a brown to yellowish-red material. The red rock (I) is more porous than the brown (11), and seems to be a product of the decomposition of the latter.These laterites are said to be a detritus of the crystal- line schists in the interior of the continent. For the analyses, the Wterial was freed from the coarsest quartz grains.ORG ANIU CHEMISTRY. 35 Lia. -- 0 -287 0 *00206 0 -04703 0 *00425 0 -00125 0 -09188 0 -03081 very dight traces SiOn. P20,. SO,. C1. Fe,O,. FeO. A120,. CaO. MgO. I. 52-91 0.51 0.29 0.08 36-26 0.29 4-13 0.19 0.07 11. 63.08 1-22 0.27 0.13 27-65 0.52 2-30 0.57 0.41 Na20. &O. H,O. Tot& I. 0.08 0.04 6-16 101.01 11. 0.19 0.06 4.71 101.11 B. H. B. The Water Supply of Oderza. By M. SPICA and G. HALAGIAN (Gmzzetta, 17, 317--323).-The water supply of the municipality of Oderzo is taken from three mountain springs, Monticano, Lia, and Navisego, which pass through a clap soil.The analyses tabulated below show that these waters are of t,be highest order of purity. The colour viewed through a tube was a pale-yellow. With an alcoholic eolution of tannin (Hager's test), they remained perfectly dear for several days. With phenolphthalein, they showed no reaction, but with litmus they appeared slightly alkaline. Navisego. 0 * 289 0 -00197 0 -04446 0 *0028 0 '003 0 *09632 0 -03099 ---- Results of Analyses expressed i!n grams per litre. 0 -168 0.0841 235 *5 12'-4 ------ Total residue .................... Chlorine ........................ Sulphuric anhydride. ............. Silica .......................... Ferric oxide and alumina.. ........ Lime. ..........................Magnesia ....................... Nitric acid ...................... Organic matter .................. Oxygen required fox organic mstker. Total carbonic: acid.. ............. Free carbonic acid.. .............. Total hardness French ......... Permanent ,, } scde { ......... 0.175 0 -0853 2'7" -0 13"'O Monticano. --- 0 -31 0 -00797 0 * 02782 0 -001 0*0015 0 -08888 0 -06036 0.02136 0-00108 0 * 2064 0 -1004 24" *o. 12O *o V. H. V.30 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.M in e r a 1 o g i c a 1 C h e m i s t r y.Cliftonite, a Cubic Form of Graphitic Carbon. By L.FLETCHER (Min. Mag., 7, 121-130).-A meteoritic iron found on5th January, 1884, in the district of Youndegin, Western Australia,contains a remarkable form of carbon resembling graphite but crystal-lising in the cubic form.Four fragments of the meteorite werefound, weighing 252, 24, 17, and 6 lbs. respectively. I n additionthere was about 1 7 lbs. of what appeared to be an outer shell, doubt-less due to the weathering of the original mass. The meteorite isextremely hard, and contains numerous inclixsions of schreibersibe.I t has a sp. gr. of 7.85. No distinct figures were obtained on etching.Analysis gave-Fe. Ni. Co. Cu. Mg. P. S. Insol. cubes. Total.92-67 6.46 0.55 trace 0.42 0.24 nil 0.04 100.38The insoluble residue consists of about a hundred small cubes of anopaque greyish-black mineral with metallic lustre. The hardness is2.5, the sp. gr. 2.12, and the streak black and shining. It is notattacked by acids, and but slowly by fused nitre.It burns away veryslowly in air, leaving a minute residue. Chemical tests show that theresidue resembles graphite, but it is harder and occurs in definitecubic crystals. The author is of opinion that it is an allotropic modi-fication of carbon distinct from diamond and graphite, and names itcZiftonite after Professor R. B. Clifton, of Oxford.Natural Gas of Pennsylvania. By K. SORGE (Ja6rb.f. Min., 1887,ii, Ref., 318-320 ; from Xtahl und Eisen, 7, 93--108).-Since 1821,natural gas has been used in Pennsylvania in a limited and irregularway for illuminating and heating purposes. Since 1883, however, ithas attained an extraordinarily repid development for industrial pur-poses.The chemical composition of the gas varies in the different wells,and even in the same well after a short lapse of time.In all cases,marsh-gas is the principal constituent. The mean volumetric com-position of the gas is as follows :-B. H. B.At the present time, 15 towns are supplied with natural gas.CHI. H. 0. N. C2H6. C,H,. COz. CO. Total.67 22 0.8 3 5 1 0.6 0.6 100.0The composition is said to vary within the following limits :-60-80 5-20 1-12 1-8 0-2 0-3-2 traceCHI. H. N. C,HB. C,H,. COP COMIXERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY. 31Experiments made by Ford show that gas from the same well mayvary considerably. In the gas-pipes of the Edgar Thomson steel-works at Pittsburgh, on different days, the gas contained per cent. :-Nitrogen. Carbonic anhydride. 0 xy gen .0 to 23 0 to 2 0.4 to 4The natural gas of Pennsylvania is strikingly similar in composi-Servian Coal.By S. M. LOSANITSCH (Bey., 20, 2716-2718).-Large coal seams occur in Sorvia in strata varying in age from thatof the carboniferous to that of the tertiary formations, and in thepaper, analyses are given of graphite, of 33 specimens of coal, andof 4 specimens of shale yielding paraffin, obtained from different locali-ties. Corrections are applied for the amount of hygroscopic waterand of ash in the estimation of the percentage of volatile matter andcoke obtained from each sample of coal. The table (p. 32) gives thepercentage composition of the samples of coal from each formationyielding the greatest and least number of calories respectively.On dry distillation, the paraffin shale from Subotinci gave the fol-lowing results :-Tar, 34.00 ; water, 8.00 ; ash, 29.25 ; carbon (in theash), 17.28 ; gas, 11.47.A poorer specimen gave 10 per cent. of tar,and the shale from Mijonica, from Ora3ac, and from Bovan, gave7 to 18 per cent., 31.5 per cent., and 30 per cent. of tar respectively. w. P. w.Ullmannite from Lolling and from Sarrabus. By C. KLEINand P. JANNASCH (Jahrb. f. Min., 1887, ii, Mem., 169--173).--Theullmannite, NiSbS, discovered at Sarrabw in Sardinia in 1883, crys-tallises in the regular system in hemihedral crystals with parallelfaces. A comparison of this mineral with the hemihedral crystalswith inclined faces, having the same empirical constitution, hadprevioiisly not been instituted. The authors having secured some ofthe extremely rare material from Lolling, have now been enabled tomake the comparison.The percentage compositions of the ullmannites analysed were asfollows :-tion to the illuminating gas obtained from Westphalian gas-coal.B.H. B.8. Sb. As. Ni. Co. Fe. Insoluble. Total. Sp. gr.I. 14.69 55.71 1.38 28.13 0.25 0.09 0.27 100.52 6.62511. 14.64 55-73 0.75 28.17 trace 0.17 0.11 99.57 6.733I. ITllmannite from Lolling ; 11. from Sarrabus.It is thus evident that the two specimens have the same chemicalcomposition and specific gravity. Crystallographical investigations,however, prove that the Liilling crystals are hemihedral with inclinedfaces, whilst the Sarrabus crystals are hemihedral with parallelfaces. The authors are unable to prove that these differences areonly apparentl, and that the crystals are tetartohedral.B.H. B.Bismuthite from the Transvaal. By H. LOUIS ( N i m . Mag., 7 ,139-140) .-Bismuthite occurs plentifully, though finely disseminatedDusci5ption and source.Graphite -----Coal (3) from carboniferous for-mationsCod (6) from Jura formationsCoal (12) from chalk formatiomCoal (12) from tmtiary forma-tions.Paraffin shaleLocali by.---- ~Stol 92 -59Miistapid-Miiljenovuc 82.61Kladurovo 74 -34_L___--------I-I --Milanovac don ji 64 -54Mrtvica 63 * 42Jelovac 51 *75---__-----I_Miliva 59 *44Kostolw 43 -45-___I-__-Subotinoi 4’7 *23 -----Mi jonica 1’7 *09H.3.813 -106.802 -32--3 (& N).-6 ‘484 -804 -0611.04l a -5521 ’39---------I-I2OMINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY.33in the auriferous quartz veins in the Lydenburg district of the Trans-vaal. It is amorphous, pulverulent, opaque, and of a yellow colour.Its hardness is about 3, and its sp. gr. 6-86, Analysis gave tihe fol-lowing reaults :-Quartz. Bi20,. CO,. H20. FepO,. Totd.0.9 79.6 7.2 2.7 9.6 100.0This corresponds with the formula BizHzCOB. A similar para-genesis of bismuthite wibh auriferous quart5 has been recorded fromSouth Carolina. B. H. B.Barytes in the Carpathians. By F. v. HAUER (Jahrb. f. Milz.,1887, ii, Ref., 284; from Verh. d. geol. Reichsanst., 18, 387).-Aboutthree-quarters of a mile to the north-west of Losoncz, an extensivedeposit of barytes has been found in association with the melaphyrewhich bursts through the new red sandstone at.that locality. Themineral exhibits a coarsely crystalline texture, and has a sp. gr. of9-47. Fully developed crystals are not found. B. H. B.Identity of Dreelite and Barytes. By A. LACROIX (Jahrb. f.Miw., 1887, ii, Ref., 266; from Bull. SOC. Franc. Min., 8, 435-437).-The mineral termed dreelite by Dufrhoy is shown by the angles ofthe cleavage planes and by the optical characters to be identical withbarytes. On account of deficiency of material, an analysis was im-possible. Probably, however, the percentage of calcium sulphategiven by Dufr6noy was due to impurities. B. H. B.Titanite. By IC. Bnsz (Jahrb. f. Min., 5, Beilage, 330-380).-This elaborate monograph is divided into two parts, one giving theresults of a chemical and optical examination of a large number ofspecimens of titanite, the other giving the results of the crystallo-graphical examination.The research was undertaken primarily todetermine whether there is any relation between the chemical com-position of titanite and its optical constants. The specimens ex-amined were from t'he following 10 localities :-Schwarzenstein inthe Zillerthal, Eisbruckalp, Val Maggia, St. Gothard, Wildkreuzjochin Tyrol, Laacher See, Arendal in Norway, Renfrew and Grenville inCanada, and Monroe in Michigan. As a rule, the author finds thatin titanites containing iron, the angle of the optic axes is larger thanthat of titanites containing no iron.Exceptions to this rule are, thetitanite from Monroe, which wit,h a very high percentage of iron hasa comparatively small axial angle, and the titanite from the Zillerthal,which with 1.07 per cent. of ferric oxide has the smallest axial angleof all the titanites examined. It is, however, evident that the mag-nitude of the axial angle of titanites rich in iron is not in proportionto the percentage of iron.In his crjshallographic investigation, the author observed 75 planesoccurring on titanite crystals. Of this number, 22 have not hithertobeen observed. B. H. B.TOL. LIV. 84 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS.Palaeopicrite of Amelose and the Products of its Altera-tion. By R. BRAUNS (Jahrb. f. Mi~t., 5, Beilage, 275-3?9).-Sincc1831, when Breithaupt first showed that the well-known crystals foundat Snarum, Norway, were pseudomorphs of serpentine after olivine,the alteration of olivine and the new minerals formed thereby havefrequently been the objects of careful investigation.In no place,however, is the immediate connection of olivine with the products ofits alteration so apparent as at Amelose, near Biendenkopf, in Hesse,where within an area of a hundred square yards is found not onlythe olivine rock in place, but also all the recent minerals formed fromit. The latter inclnde serpentine, chrysotile, metaxite, picrolite, anew magnesium iron silicate, calcite, and quartzite interesting onaccount of the occurrence of the extremely rare planes $El$-, +R%.The matrix of these minerals differs from that of most serpentines inthat, it is of Devonian age, aud not interstratified in crystallineschists.The new mineral is named by the author webskyite, after the lateProfessor Websky of Berlin.It is amorphous, and has a pitch-blackcolour with a brownish-green streak. In thin fragments, the colonris bright green. The hardness is 3, and the sp. gr. only 1.771. Itsconstituents are qualitatively the same as those of serpentine. It8qaantitative composition, however, is different, since it contains 31 percent. of water, 21 per cent. of which is lost a t 100". Analysis showsthat the mineral has the formula, H6R4Si,Ol3 + 6H20, in which Rrepresents Mg and Fe. The new mineral is probably of more fre-quent occurrence than might be imagined ; the author having dis-covered it on specimens of diopside and of serpentine in the Berlinand Marburg museums.A Variety of Granulite, the Matrix of two New Minerals.Ry H.SAUER (Jahrb. .f. &!in., 1887, ii, Ref., 295 ; from Zed. deutsck.9eo.L Ges., 38, 704-706).-11~ a new quarry by the railwa7 stationof Waldheim in Saxony, the following two new minerals were foundin the granulite :--Prismathe, crpstallising in rhombic prisms with-out terminal planes, gronped radially. It resembles andalusite orsillimanite. It easily alters to afinely fibrous substance, termed cryptotile (Analysis 11) :-It is, in fact, an olivine-diabase (pakeopicrife).B. H. B.Its composition is given under I.SiO,. A1203. FeO. MgO. Na2O. KZO. H20. Total.J.30.89 43-06 6-26 15.08 2.04 0.79 1.36 99.5011. 48.43 41.63 - 2.13 - I 7.70 99-89B. H. B.Rocks from the Congo. By C . KLEMENT (Ja7trb.f. M h . , 1887,ii, Ref., 300-301 ; from T.schermak Min. Mitth., 8, 1--27).-Theauthor gives analyses of two specimens of laterite from the Congo.'J'hey are composed of a conglomerate of quartz grains cemented bya brown to yellowish-red material. The red rock (I) is more porousthan the brown (11), and seems to be a product of the decompositionof the latter. These laterites are said to be a detritus of the crystal-line schists in the interior of the continent. For the analyses, theWterial was freed from the coarsest quartz grainsORG ANIU CHEMISTRY. 35Lia.--0 -2870 *002060 -047030 *004250 -001250 -091880 -03081very dight tracesSiOn. P20,. SO,. C1. Fe,O,. FeO. A120,. CaO. MgO.I. 52-91 0.51 0.29 0.08 36-26 0.29 4-13 0.19 0.0711. 63.08 1-22 0.27 0.13 27-65 0.52 2-30 0.57 0.41Na20. &O. H,O. Tot&I. 0.08 0.04 6-16 101.0111. 0.19 0.06 4.71 101.11B. H. B.The Water Supply of Oderza. By M. SPICA and G. HALAGIAN(Gmzzetta, 17, 317--323).-The water supply of the municipality ofOderzo is taken from three mountain springs, Monticano, Lia, andNavisego, which pass through a clap soil. The analyses tabulatedbelow show that these waters are of t,be highest order of purity. Thecolour viewed through a tube was a pale-yellow. With an alcoholiceolution of tannin (Hager's test), they remained perfectly dear forseveral days. With phenolphthalein, they showed no reaction, butwith litmus they appeared slightly alkaline.Navisego.0 * 2890 -001970 -044460 *00280 '0030 *096320 -03099----Results of Analyses expressed i!n grams per litre.0 -1680.0841235 *512'-4------Total residue ....................Chlorine ........................Sulphuric anhydride. .............Silica ..........................Ferric oxide and alumina.. ........Lime. ..........................Magnesia .......................Nitric acid ......................Organic matter ..................Oxygen required fox organic mstker.Total carbonic: acid.. .............Free carbonic acid.. ..............Total hardness French .........Permanent ,, } scde { .........0.1750 -08532'7" -013"'OMonticano.---0 -310 -007970 * 027820 -0010*00150 -088880 -060360.021360-001080 * 20640 -100424" *o.12O *oV. H. V