The inotropic selectivity of dobutamine was examined in pentobarbital-anesthetized, vagotomized dogs pretreated with a ganglion blocker. The purpose was to determine if, in the presence of hexamethonium and vagotomy, the inotropic selectivity of dobutamine could be attributed to an action of dobutamine on alpha-adrenoreceptors. Dose–response curves were determined for either isoproterenol or dobutamine 30 min after treatment with hexamethonium (20 mg/kg). Analysis of heart rate versus right ventricular contractile force showed that dobutamine produced less tachycardia for a given increase in contractile force than isoproterenol; this was statistically significant when contractile force was increased by either 50 or 100%. In a separate series of experiments, dobutamine (8 μg∙kg−1∙min−1) was administered 20 min after propranolol (3 mg/kg). Under these conditions there was a slight increase in contractile force which represented 12% of the dobutamine response prior to propranolol administration. This increase in contractile force in the presence of propranolol was completely prevented by the addition of phentolamine (1 mg/kg). Consequently, in another series of experiments, dose–response curves for dobutamine were performed in the presence of hexamethonium before and 30 min after phentolamine alone (1 mg/kg) or vehicle. Phentolamine did not influence the effect of dobutamine on heart rate or contractile force, but prevented the increase in diastolic blood pressure caused by dobutamine. In addition, analysis of heart rate versus contractile force indicated that there were no statistically significant effects of phentolamine on the inotropic selectivity of dobutamine. Thus, it appears that dobutamine may exert an effect on myocardial contractility through activation of alpha-adrenoreceptors; however, this effect is so minimal that in the presence of hexamethonium and vagotomy, activation of alpha-adrenoreceptors does not appear to influence the inotropic selectivity of dobutam