DISCUSSIONS OF THE FARADAY SOCIETY No. 27, 1959 ENERGY TRANSFER WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS THE FARADAY SOCIETY Agents f o r the Society’s Publications : The Aberdeen University Press Ltd. 6 Upper Kirkgate, Aberdeen Scotland@ The Faraday Society and Contributors, 1960 PUBLISHED . . . 1960 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS ABERDEENA GENERAL DISCUSSION ON ENERGY TRANSFER WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 14th-16th April, 1959 A GENERAL DISCUSSION on Energy Transfer with Special Reference to Biological Systems was held at Nottingham University on the 14th, 15th and 16th April 1959. The President, Dr. E. W. R. Steacie, O.B.E., D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S., was in the Chair and over 200 members and visitors were present. Among the distinguished overseas members and guests welcomed by the President were the following : Dr.S. J. Adelstein (Harvard), Mr. J. Amesz (Leiden), Prof. W. Berends (University of Delft), Dr. R. Braams (Utrecht), Prof. Milton Burton (University of Notre Dame), Prof. Britton Chance (Philadelphia), Dr. J. J. Chang (Bethesda), Prof. S. Claesson (University of Uppsala), Prof. M. Dole (North- western University), Dr. L. N. M. Duysens (Leiden), Dr. H. Feilchenfeld (Hebrew University), Prof. Th. Forster (Stuttgart), Dr. M. Furst (Washington Square College), Dr. H. R. Gersmann (Amsterdam), Dr. Z. R. Grabowski (University of Warsaw), Dr. W. A. Hagins (Bethesda), Dr. B. Hargitay (Bruxelles), Prof. R. Havemann (Humboldt University), Dr. J. Higgins (Free University of Brussels), Prof. and Mrs.F. H. Johnson (Princeton University), Dr. J. de Jonge (Eindhoven), Prof. H. Kallmann (Washington Square College), Dr. Tsoo E. King (Oregon State College), Dr. J. Kratohvil (University of Zagreb), Prof. R. L. Livingston (University of Minnesota), Dr. W. Looney M.I.T.), Prof. R. Lumry (University of Minnesota), Dr. K. Minnaert (Amster- dam). Prof. W. J. Moore (Indiana University), Dr. A. Muller (Karlsruhe), Dr. J, O h (Zurich), Dr. L. Paoloni (Rome), Dr. H. Pietsch (Humboldt University), Prof. E. Rabinowitch (University of Illinois), Dr. M. P. Reddy (Saclay), Prof. R. A. Robinson (University of Malaya), Dr. B. Rosenberg (New York University), Mr. K. Rosengren (University of Lund), Prof. M. Schoen (Munich), Dr. D. Schulte-Frohlinde (Heidelberg), Prof.H. Shull (Indiana University), Mr. J. W. Steketee (Eindhoven), Prof. Stig. Sunner (University of Lund), Dr. G. Szasz (Zurich), Dr. A. Szent-Gyorgyi (Woods Hole, Mass.), Mr. P. Taylor (Philadelphia), Prof. A. Terenin (Leningrad), Mr. D. Timm (University of Lund), Dr. A. R. van Dyken (Washington), Dr. I. Wadso (University of Lund), Dr. B. E. Wahler (Berlin), Dr. A. Weller (Stuttgart), Dr. and Mrs. G. M. Wyman (Frankfurt).A GENERAL DISCUSSION ON ENERGY TRANSFER WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS 14th-16th April, 1959 A GENERAL DISCUSSION on Energy Transfer with Special Reference to Biological Systems was held at Nottingham University on the 14th, 15th and 16th April 1959. The President, Dr. E. W. R. Steacie, O.B.E., D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.S., was in the Chair and over 200 members and visitors were present.Among the distinguished overseas members and guests welcomed by the President were the following : Dr. S. J. Adelstein (Harvard), Mr. J. Amesz (Leiden), Prof. W. Berends (University of Delft), Dr. R. Braams (Utrecht), Prof. Milton Burton (University of Notre Dame), Prof. Britton Chance (Philadelphia), Dr. J. J. Chang (Bethesda), Prof. S. Claesson (University of Uppsala), Prof. M. Dole (North- western University), Dr. L. N. M. Duysens (Leiden), Dr. H. Feilchenfeld (Hebrew University), Prof. Th. Forster (Stuttgart), Dr. M. Furst (Washington Square College), Dr. H. R. Gersmann (Amsterdam), Dr. Z. R. Grabowski (University of Warsaw), Dr. W. A. Hagins (Bethesda), Dr. B. Hargitay (Bruxelles), Prof. R. Havemann (Humboldt University), Dr.J. Higgins (Free University of Brussels), Prof. and Mrs. F. H. Johnson (Princeton University), Dr. J. de Jonge (Eindhoven), Prof. H. Kallmann (Washington Square College), Dr. Tsoo E. King (Oregon State College), Dr. J. Kratohvil (University of Zagreb), Prof. R. L. Livingston (University of Minnesota), Dr. W. Looney M.I.T.), Prof. R. Lumry (University of Minnesota), Dr. K. Minnaert (Amster- dam). Prof. W. J. Moore (Indiana University), Dr. A. Muller (Karlsruhe), Dr. J, O h (Zurich), Dr. L. Paoloni (Rome), Dr. H. Pietsch (Humboldt University), Prof. E. Rabinowitch (University of Illinois), Dr. M. P. Reddy (Saclay), Prof. R. A. Robinson (University of Malaya), Dr. B. Rosenberg (New York University), Mr. K. Rosengren (University of Lund), Prof.M. Schoen (Munich), Dr. D. Schulte-Frohlinde (Heidelberg), Prof. H. Shull (Indiana University), Mr. J. W. Steketee (Eindhoven), Prof. Stig. Sunner (University of Lund), Dr. G. Szasz (Zurich), Dr. A. Szent-Gyorgyi (Woods Hole, Mass.), Mr. P. Taylor (Philadelphia), Prof. A. Terenin (Leningrad), Mr. D. Timm (University of Lund), Dr. A. R. van Dyken (Washington), Dr. I. Wadso (University of Lund), Dr. B. E. Wahler (Berlin), Dr. A. Weller (Stuttgart), Dr. and Mrs. G. M. Wyman (Frankfurt).CONTENTS PAGE ~ O T H SPIERS MEMORIAL LECTURE- Transfer Mechanisms of Electronic Excitation. By T. Forster . . 7 I. MODES OF ENERGY TRANSFER FROM EXCITED AND UNSTABLE IONIZED STATES- Intramolecular and Intermolecular Energy Conversion Involving Change of Multiplicity. By G. Porter and M.R. Wright Outer and Inner Mechanism of Reactions of Excited Molecules. By A. Weller . Energy Transfer in Aromatic Vapours ; The Benzene-Sensitized Fluor- escence of Anthracene Vapour at 2652 A. By B. Stevens Viscosity and Temperature Effects in Fluorescence. By E. J. Bowen . Light and High Energy Induced Energy Transfer in Liquid and Rigid Organic Scintillators. By F. H. Brown, M. Furst and H. Kallmann Energy Transfer in Fluorescent Plastic Solutions. By J. B. Birks and K. N. Kuchela. . On Luminescence Decay Times and their Relation to Mechanisms of Energy Transfer in Radiation Chemistry of Liquids. By M. Burton and H. Dreeskamp . Energy Transfer in Polyethylene and Polyethylene + Polybutadiene Mixtures During Gamma Irradiation. By M. Dole and T. F.Williams . . 18 28 34 40 43 57 64 74 Energy Transfer in Systems of Connected Organic Molecules. By A. Terenin, E. Putzeiko and I. Akimov . . 83 GENERAL DIsCuSSIoN.-Prof. H. C. Longuet-Higgins, Dr. D. H. Whiffen, Dr. A. Weller, Prof. G. Porter, Prof. R. Livingston, Dr. M. R. Wright, Mr. F. Wilkinson, Prof. A. Terenin, Dr. J. P. Simons, Prof. J. Weiss, Dr. R. A. Ford, Prof. H. Kallmann, Prof. D. D. Eley, Dr. B. Rosenberg, Mr. G. Jackson, Dr. G. Weber, Dr. B. Stevens, Mr. P. J. McCartin and Mr. E. Hutton, Dr. J. B. Birks, Dr. F.ZH. Brown, Dr. M. Furst, Prof. M. Burton, Prof. R. Lumry . 94 11. ENERGY MIGRATION IN ORGANIZED BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS- Introductory Paper. By A. Szent-Gyorgyi . . 111 The Semiconductivity of Organic Substances. Part 3. Haemoglobin and Some Amino Acids.By M. H. Cardew and D. D. Eley . 115 Charge Transfer Processes in Biological Systems. By R. Mason. . 129 Electronic Energy Transfer in Haem Proteins. By G. Weber and F. J. W. Teale . . 134 56 CONTENTS PAGE Modified Reactivity of Haemoglobin Following Light Absorption. The Role of the Triplet State in Reactions Sensitized by Chlorophyll. Fluorescence Yield Against Velocity Relationships in the Hill Reaction of Chloroplast Fragments. By R. Lumry, B. Mayne and J. D. Primary Photochemical and Photophysical Processes in Photosynthesis. By E. Rabinowitch . . 161 Spectrophotometric Studies on Pyridine Nucleotide in Photosynthetic Cells and Cellular Material. By J. Amesz and L. N. M. Duysens . Radiationless Migration of Electronic Excitation in Retinal Rods.Reaction Rate Control of Light Emission in Bioluminescent Systems. Stabilization of " Steady States " of Cytochromes at Liquid Nitrogen Structure-Function Interrelationships in Mitochondria1 Electron Trans- Models for Some Energy-Transporting Substances of Biological Interest. The Transfer Potential of Enzyme Substrate Compounds. By H. By Q. Gibson . . 142 By R. Livingston and A. C. Pugh . . 144 Spikes . . 149 173 By W. A. Hagins and W. H. Jennings . * 180 By F. H. Johnson, H. Eyring and J. J. Chang . . 191 Temperatures. By B. Chance and E. L. Spencer, Jr. . . 200 port and Oxidative Phosphorylation. By D. E. Green . , 206 By M. J. Cowan, J. M. F. Drake and R. J. P. Williams Gutfreund . . 226 . . 217 GENERAL DxscussIoN.-Dr. J. H. Turnbull, Prof. J. Weiss, Prof. J. A. V. Butler, Dr. A. Szent-Gyorgyi, Dr. Britton Chance, Prof. E. C . Baughan, Dr. L. Paoloni, Prof. D. Eley, Dr. R. Mason, Prof. H. C . Longuet-Higgins, Mr. Patrick Taylor, Prof. H. Kallmann, Dr. J. B. Birks, Prof. G. Porter, Dr. F. A. Bovey, Dr. A. Weller, Prof. A. Terenin, Prof. R. Lumry, Dr. F. W. J. Teale, Prof. E. Rabinowitch, Dr. B. Rosenberg, Dr. L. N. M. Duysens, Dr. J. Amesz, Dr. G. Weber, Dr. E. R. Redfearn, Prof. D. E. Green, Prof. T. E. King, Dr. N. Uri, Dr. R. J. P. Williams, Dr. I. Wadso, Dr. S. J. Adelstein, Dr. D. J. R. Laurence, Dr. D. T. Elmore, Dr. H. Gutfreund . . 232