Two of the three investigated species ofAntidesmarevealed polyploidy. Two cytotypes, one diploid (n= 13), and other hexaploid (n= 39) were detected inA. acuminatum.Morphological differences exist in the two races as a possible result of polyploidy.A. buniusexhibitsn= 117 (18-ploid) which is probably the highest chromosome count in the Euphorbiaceae. All the species of the genus known chromosomally, are based on 13. WILLIS' (1966)' idea of splittingAntidesmafrom the Euphorbiaceae and putting it in the Stilaginaceae is opposed on the basis of base number.