81 XVI.-Ou llae Simultaneous Variationsof Hippuric and Uric A& in Hellthy Urine. By 11. BENCE JONEEI M.D. F.R.S. INI1mtL"sZeitschrij't fur rutionelk Medicin 1858 ii. 331 Dr. A. Wcismann gives the results of his experiments on the amount of hippuric acid in healthy urine These results were obtained by evaporating very small qnantities (20 cc.) of urine and they show so largc an amowit of liippuric acid excrctcd daily that a different method of analysis scemed most desirable. The average amount cscreted duriug fow days of mixed diet he gives as 406 grs. daily. 3%.Wreden in the Bulletin de St. Petershury Classe Phys.-med. xvii. 500 states that heiletermined the amount of hippuric acid in licalthy urine by means of a standard solution of chloride of iron; the amount he obtained was also immense.He gives as the mean of twenty-nine determinations 47.4 grs. of hippuric acid to n litre (1000 cc.) of wine = 1'7'pint. The miiiimum amount found was 32.3 grs. and the maximum 87.8 grs. to a litrc. 111 the followiiig expel iments the method of determining hip- pwic acid described by Professor 11ic b i g in the Annalen der C'lcmie ztnd Phurmucie vol. 50 p. 170 mas followed as being the most accurate provided a sufficient quantity of urine is taken for analysis and sufficient cther is used. Usually 400 cc. of wine were cvaporated to a syrupy consistence in a water-bath ; hydro-chloric acid was ailtlcd and the hippuric acid was extracted by trcating the precipitate with eihcr four or five times.That by this method results arc obtained which agree very well together tlic following experiments show 840 cc. of urine were divided into two equal parts and the amount of hippuric acid in each part was determined. Weight of hippuric acid 1st experiment 3.53 grs. ; 2nd esperi-nicnt 3-42 grs. 700 cc \vc~c divided iuto two equal parts and the hippuric acid was determined in each. IVeight of hiypuric acid 1st cxpcrimciit 1-49619. ; 2~cIexperi-IllCLlt 1-42 gr. l3HNCl3 JONES ON IIIPPURIC AND Tlic dctcrininatioii of the amouiit of uric acid iii a11 the follow-ing cxpcrimciits (exccpt in experiments 13 I-+ 15 IG) was madc after tlic liippuric :lcid 1iml heen cxtractcd by ctlicr. Tllc syrupy rcsidnc was then dilutctl with a littlc water riiicl filtcrcd 2L hoitrs nftcrwartls.‘l’hc uric acid was dissolved in soda prccipitated by hydrocliloric acid atid collcctccl 24 lioiirs afterwards. In cxpcrimciits 13 1#11, 15 and 16 a srq)amtc qiiaiitity of urine was takcti to which Iiydrochloric acid was nddccl and aftcr stand-ing 218 hours tlic uric acid was collected on cz filter. Two hc;iltliy mcn wcrc tlic subjccts of the cspcrimcnts. Thc dict of A wlio wcigliccl lost. 121l)s. was breakfast (84a.m.) tea brcntl and huttcr; luiiclicon (1 pm.)bred aiid httcr ;tlinncr (54 pm.) (z pound mil a-’half of mcat bred and tca; supper (9p.m.) bread and clicesc and pint of beer. Modcrate cscrcisc was taken. Thc dict of 13 weighing 14st. Blbs. was lircakfmt (9am.) about 8 poiuitl of mcat lircad buttcr and tea; tliiincr (7 pm.) :illout onc poiin(1of nicat aiid somc vcgitaMcs witli Imiicly and watcr or tea.Vcry littlc cscrcise was taken. Firstly cxpcrimcnts mrc madc on the total quantity of hip-puric acid cscrctccl in 24 hours. A. The total ainount of nrine passcd in 24 hours was 930 cc.; sp. gr. 1022. 4.00 cc. wcrc takeii for tlic rletcrmiiiation of tlic liippuric acid. Tlic uric acid WH lost by nccitlent. TVciglit of liippiiric acid 2-64 grs. Heiice 930 cc. coiitaiiicd liippuric acid 6.1 grs. A. The total anionat of urinc )mwcd in 2 1t lioui*swas 980 cc. ; sp. gr. 1020. it00 cc. wcrc tiilccii far thc clctcr~iiirintionof thc liippuric acid. Wciglit of liippric nciil 1-68gr. ; wciglit of tlic uric acid 3.44grs. fleucc the 080 C. contain liippiiric acid 8L-1grs.; uric acid 8.L grs.A. Thc total amount of uriiic passed in 2 4 hours wns 790 cc. ; sp. gr. 1022. Weight of liippuric acid 2-12 grs. ;wcight of uric acid 3-60 gr.;. TIcncc tlic 700 cc. contain hippuric acid 4.7 grs. ; uric acid 7.1 grs. Ilcncc tlic claily cscrctioii of A iii thc tlircc cspcrimcnts mas 1cl. 2ud. 3rd. 3lcan. IIippnric acid . 6.1 grs. 4.1 grs. 4.7 grs. 4.9grs. Uric acid . . -3.4 p.7.1 grs. 7*7grs. UrLIC ACIDS IN I?EALTnY URINE. 13. Thc totd nmount of iujnc pnwxl by 13 ill 24 1lolil-s was 1160 cc. ; sp. gr. 1017. 400 cc. wcrc talicii for tlic clctcmiiiiatioii of thc 1iipI)uric scitl. Weight of hippnric acid 2.00grs. ; weight of uric acid ,l*G0grs. Ilcncc the 1 160cc. contain hippiiric acid 7.3grs.;uric acid 1.E.Ggrs. B. Tlic total amount of urine passcd in 2 L hours was 1103 cc. ; sp. gr. 1Oi9. Wcight of hippiirk acid 1st cspcrimcnt 2.00grs. ; 2nd cspcri- incnt 2-12 grs. TVciglit of uric acid 1st cspcriment 3% grs. ; 2nd csperimcnt 4.00grs. IIencc tlic 1103 cc. contain- 1st csp. 2nd exp. Mcan. IIippuric acid . 5.5 grs. 5.8 gra. 5-65 grs. IJric acid . . 10.8 grs. 11.0 grs. 10.9 grs. l3. Thc total amount of urinc passcd in 21 hours was 1510 cc. ; sp. gr. 1017. 400 cc. wcre taken for the dcterminatioii of tlic hippuric wid. Weight of hippuric acid 1st cxpcriment 1-98gr. ; 2nd csperi- rnent 2.08 grs. Weight of uric acid 1st cxperimcnt 3-43 grs.; 2nd expcrimcnt 3-54 grs. IIcncc tlic 1510 cc. contain- 1st exp. 2nd cxp.Mcan. I-Iippwic acid . 7,405 grs. 7.8 grs. 7.6 grs. Uric acid . . 13.0 grs. 13.3 grs. 13.1 grs. C. Tlic total amount of urinc passed in 2& hours mas 1326 cc. ; sp. gr. 1019. 400 cc. were taken for thc determination of thc hippuric acid. Weight of hippuric acid 1% gr.; weight of uric acid 3.80 grs. IIcnce thc 1326 cc. contain hippuric acid 5-8 grs.; uric acid 12.5 grs. EIcnce the daily excretion of B in the four cxperiments was-1Bt. 2nd. 3rd. 4th. Mean. IIippuric acid 7.3 grs. 5.6 grs. 7.6 grs. 5.8 pa. 6.5 grs. Uric acid 14%grs. 10.9grs. 13.1 grs. 12.5 grs. 12% grs. Secondly to determine the variations in the amount of hipiuric and uric acids in the urine passcd before and after food a long scrics of expcriments mere niadc with the urine of B.In the following €our experimeuts 400 CC. of' urinc passcd bcfore and aftcr food were taken Experimeiit 1.-Bcforc fod sp. gr 1016;wiglit of liippuric acid 1.52 gr. ; wciglit of uric acid 2.70 grs. After food sp. gr. 1018; wiglit of liippuric acid 2.70 grs. ; weight of uric acid 444 grs. Experiment 2.-13cfore food sp. gr. 1013 ;weight of hippiiric acid 1-10gr. ; wight of uric acid 2-80grs. After food sp. gi.. 1019; weight of liippuric acid 1.94 gr.; weight of uric acid 4.78 grs. Experimcnt 3.-Bcfore food sp. gr. 1016; wcight of hippuric acid 1-12 gr.; weight of uric acid 3-46grs. After food sp. gr. 1019;’ weight of liippuric acid 3.88 grs. ; weight of uric acid 5-32grs. Esperiment J.-Bcforc food sp. gr. 1013;weight of hippwic acid 1-38gr.;n.eiglit of uric acid 1.92 gr. After food sp. gr. 1018; weight of hippuric acid 3-60grs. ; weight of uric acid 3-00grs. In the next six experiments 350 cc. of uriiic were taken Experiment 5.-Before food sp. gr. 1014; wcight of liippuric acid 1.46 gr.; wciglit of uric acid 2%2 grs. After food sp. gr. 1016 ; weight of hippuric acid 1.94 grs.; weight of uric acid 3-80grs. . Experiment 6.-Before food sp. gr. 1013,; wcight of hippuric acid 2-02grs.; weight of uric acid 0.68 gr. After food sp. gr. 1012; weight of hippuric acid 1.20 gr. ; weight of uric acid 2.08grs. Experimcnt 7.-Beforc food sp. gr. 1019; weight of hippnric acid 3*0f grs.; weight of uric acid 3.43 grs. After food sp. gr. 1014; weight of hippuric acid 2.84 grs.; weight of uric acid 2-84grs.Experiment &-Before food sp. gr. 1012; weight of hippuric acid 1*12 gr.; weiglit of uric acid 1014gr.. After food sp. p. 1013; weight of hippuric acid 1.62 gr.; weight of uric acid 2.24 grs. Experiment O.-Before food sp. gr. 1019;weight of hippuric acid 1*4%gr.; weight of uric acid 3:90 gr. After food sp. gr. 1.017; weight of hippuric acid 1.97 gr.; weight of uric acid 2-30grs. Experiment lO.-Dcforc food sp. gr. 1012;weight of hippuric acid 1.01gr.; nciglit of uric acid 0.10 gr. After food sp. gr. 1016;wcigtit of hippuric acid 1.01 gr. ;weight of uric acid 1.88gr. Experiment 11.-376 cc. of urine pasveil before and after food wcrc taken. Heforc food sp. gr. 1020; wciglit of Lippric acid 1.-41 gr.; \wight of uric acid 2-92grs. lifter fd sp. gr. lOlG wcight of hippuric acid 1-18gr.; wcight of uric acid 2-94grs. Experiment 12.-Before food sp. gr. 1022;~eightof hippuric acid 1.36 gr.; weight of uric acid 2.56 grs. After fcrd sp. gr. gr,; wcight of uric acid 102% ; wciglit of hippuric acid 1*9& 4-92grs. Experiment 13.-570 cc. of urine passed bcforc and after food were taken for the determination of the hippuric acid ; arid 190CC. of urine passed before and after food were taken for thc determi- nation of the uric acid. Before food sp. gr. 1014; wight of hip-puric acid 1.20 gr. ;weight of uric acid in 190 cc. 0.61 gr. ;ditto in 570 cc. 1-83gr. After food sp. gr. 1015; weight of hippuric acid 2-02grs. weight of uric acid in 190 cc.1.32gr.; ditto in 570 cc. 3-96 grs. Experiment 14.-380 cc,. of urine passed before food were taken for the determination of the hippuric acid and 240 cc. for uric acid. 380 cc. of urine passed after focil were taken for the deter- mination of both. Before food weight of hippuric acid 3.80 grs. ; weight of uric acid in 2pO cc. 2-26 grs ; ditto in 380 cc. 3.50grs. After food weight of hippuric -acid 2.26 grs. ; weight of uric acid in 380 cc. 4060grs. Experiment 15.-300 cc. of uriue passed before food mere taken for the determination of the hippuric acid and 200 cc. for uric acid ;300cc. of urine passed after food were taken for the deter- mination of both. Before food weight of hippuric acid 2-00grs. ; weight of uric acid in 200 cc. 1-20 gr. ;ditto in 300 cc.1-80gr. After food weight of hippuric acid 1.18gr.; weight of uric acid in 300 cc. 2-30grs. Experiment 16.-127 cc. of urine were taken before food for the determination of the hippuric and uric acids and 150 cc. of urine were taken after food for the determination of the hippuric and uric acids. Before food weight of hippuric acid in 127 cc. 1-01gr.; weight of uric acid in 127 cc. 1.24 gr. After food weight of hippuric acid in 150 cc. 1-10gr.; ditto in 127 cc. 0.93 gr.; weight of uric acid in 160 cc. 1.68 gr.; ditto 127 cc. 1-42gr. Experiment 17.40~~. of urine were taken before food far the determination of the hippuric and uric acids and .244 cc. of urine mere taken after food for the determination of the hippuric and uric acids.Before food sp. ‘gr. 1013; weight of hippuric acid in 400 cc. 1.80gr. ; weight of uric acid in 400.c~. 2.5%grs. After (SG DENCE JONEFI ON IfIPPPURIC AND food sp. gr. 1023 ; weight of hippuric acid in 244 cc. 3.00 grs. ; ditto in 400 cc. 4.90 grs. j weight of uric acid in 244 cc. 3.78 grs. ; ditto in 400 cc. 6-19 grs. Hence there were in 1000 cc. of urine before food and in 1000cc. of urinc after food,-BEFORE FOOD. AFTERFOOD. Exp. Sp. Gr. Grs. Sp. Or. Grs. 1. Hippuric acid 1016 3.8 .. 1018 6.7 hippuric acid Uric 9 9) 6% . . , 11.6 uric J7 2. Hippuric , 1013 2.7 .. 1019 48 hippuric , 97 Uric ,> 79 7.0 .. 9 11.9 uric 3. Hippuric ) 1016 2.8 .. 1019 9.7 hippuric J Uric 9 >J 8-6 .. JJ 13.3 uric ,9 4. IIippuric , 1013 3.3 ..1018 9.0 hippuric , >I Uric 7 99 4.8 .. 9 7.5 uric 5. Hippuric , 1014 4.1 .. 1016 5.5 hippuric , Uric >> 9 7.4 .. , 19% uric 99 6. IJippuric , 1012 5.7 .. 1012 3.4 hippiiric ) Uric J ,Y 1.9 .. , 6.7 uric 97 7. Hipywic , 1019 5-8 .. 1014 8-1 hippuric J Uric ,J ,> 9.8 .. , 8.1 uric J? 8. Hippuric , 1012 3.2 .. 1013 4.5 hippuric , Uric , ,J 3.2 . . 6.4 uric ,> JI 9. Hippuric , 1019 4.1 .. 1017 5.6 hippuric , 3, Uric 9 > 4.2 . . JJ 6.5 uric 10. Hippuric , 1012 2.8 .. 1016 2.8 hippuric , Uric ,> 9 0.2 . . , 5.3 uric >I 11. Hippuric ,J 1020 3.7 .. 1016 3.1 hippuric , Uric 7.7 .. , 7.8 uric ,> JJ 99 12. Hippuric , 1022 3.6 .. 1025 5.1 hippuric , 11 uric 9 , 6.8 .. , 13.1 uric 13.Hippuric , 1014 2.1 .. 1015 3.5 hippuric , 1) Uric 9 J 3.2 .. J 6.9 uric 3> 14. Hippuric ,# 10.0 .. , 5.9 hippuric , uric 1 , 9.4 .. )) 12.1 uric 9 15. Hippuric , 9 6.6 .. ? 3.9 hippuric , 99 uric , 9 6.0 .. , 7.6 uric 16. Hippuric , 7.9 .-, 7.3 hippuric ,, ,J J, Uric , YY 9.7 . . ,Y 11.2 uric 17. Hippuric , 1013 4.5 .. 1028 12.2 hippuric , Uric J7 URIC ACIDS IN HEALTHY URINE. Hciicc the average in 1000cc. of urine bcfore food is-sp. gr of urine 1015*3-hippnric acid 4.51 grs; uric acid 6-05grs. After food sp. gr. 1017.2; Eiippuric acid 5-94!grs. ; uric acid 9.48 grs. It follows from these two series of experiments on the quantity of liippiwic and uric acid excreted in twenty-four hours and on the increase or diminution of the hippuric and uric acids in the urine after food that in 24 hours :-1.The lighter nian gave 496 grs. of hippuric acid and 4.714 grs. of uric acid; thc mean quantity of urine being 1.25 pints. The heavier man gave 6.5 grs. of hippuric acid and 11.6 grs. of uric acid ; tlic mean quantity of urine king 2.37 pints. 2. The hippuric acid was increased on froni 4.51 grs. per 1000cc. urinc hcforc food an average in the to 5-94grs. , , after food heavier man Whilst the uric acid ,> , before food increased after food was on to 9.45 grs. an average ,, ,, Licbig states,” that all the urinc that hc examined of persons living on mixed diet contained about equal quantities of hippuric and uric acid. Parkes in his work c‘ On the Composition of the Urine,” p.12 gives the amount of uric acid found by fourteen observers in the urine secreted in 24 hours. The lowest quantity was 4.32grs. and thc highest 14*40grs. The mean of all the observations together was 8.5 grs. of uric acid in 24 hours. As yet I have made only a very few experiments on the amount of hippuric acid present in the urine in diseased states of tbc body. Souchar dat in the ‘:Annuaire de Th6rspeutique” for 18442 p.285 speaks of a disease which he calls “hippurie.” A case resembling his description was met with in St. George’s Hospital. The urine was vcry dilute of ycllowish colour and fcebly alkaline reaction. 4420cc. of urine contained only traces of hippuric acid. fn a case of acute rheumatic fever thc sp.gr. of the urine was Ann. Ch. Plinrm. 50 p. 1’33. ADIE ON GROUKD ICE. 1010 ; it had a brown yellow colour and acid reaction. 350 cc. of this urine contained a vcry small quantity of liippuric acid. In a case of diabetes (sp. gr. of the urine 1040) 4.00 cc. of urine were examined for hippuric acid but only traces were fdund. These experiments only show that a far more extended inquiry is requisite to find the variations of liippuric acid in discasc. In conclusion I must express my obligation to Dr. Ulricli for the care lic took to make these results as accurate as possiblc.