Finding A Niche for Soil Microbial Toxicity Tests in Ecological Risk Assessment
作者:
Rebecca A. Efroymson,
Glenn W. Suter II,
期刊:
Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal
(Taylor Available online 1999)
卷期:
Volume 5,
issue 4
页码: 715-727
ISSN:1080-7039
年代: 1999
DOI:10.1080/10807039.1999.9657736
出版商: TAYLOR & FRANCIS
关键词: assessment endpoint;microorganism;soil;soil contamination
数据来源: Taylor
摘要:
Soil microbial toxicity tests are seldom used in ecological risk assessments or in the development of regulatory criteria in the U.S. The primary reason is the lack of an explicit connection between these tests and assessment end-points. Soil microorganisms have three potential roles with respect to ecological assessment endpoints: properties of microbial communities may be end-points; microbial responses may be used to estimate effects on plant production; and microbial responses may be used as surrogates for responses of higher organisms. Rates of microbial processes are important to ecosystem function, and thus should be valued by regulatory agencies. However, the definition of the microbial assessment endpoint is often an impediment to its use in risk assessment. Decreases in rates are not always undesirable. Processes in a nutrient cycle are particularly difficult to define as endpoints, because what constitutes an adverse effect on a process is dependent on the rates of others. Microbial tests may be used as evidence in an assessment of plant production, but the dependence of plants on microbial processes is rarely considered. As assessment endpoints are better defined in the future, microbial ecologists and toxicologists should be provided with more direction for developing appropriate microbial tests.
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