December, 1983 SUMMARIES OF PAPERS I N THIS ISSUE iiiSummaries of Papers in this IssueAtomic- absorption Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Determinationof Inorganic Anions and Organic CompoundsA ReviewSummary of ContentsIntroduction1. Indirect methods1.1. Methods based on the formation of compounds in solution1.1.1. Reaction of precipitation1.1.1.1. Determination of the metal excess1.1.1.1 .a. Precipitation as sulphate : determinationof sulphur1.1.1.1. b. Precipitation as sulphide : determinationof sulphur1.1.1.1 .c. Precipitation as chloride : determinationof chlorine1.1.1.1 .d. Other types of precipitation : determina-tion of organic compoundsDetermination of the metal precipitated1.1.1 .%a. Dissolution with EDTA solution : deter-mination of sulphur1.1.1.2.b.Dissolution with ammonia solution:determination of chlorine1.1.1.2.c. Dissolution with iodide solution : deter-mination of iodine1.1.1.2.d. Dissolution with mineral acids : deter-minations of sulphur and ammonia1.1.1.2.e. Direct atomisation of the precipitate :determination of sulphate1.1.1.2.1.1.2. Metal complexes1.1.2.1. Analyte as ligand1.1.2.1 .a. Charged metal complexes: determina-tions of cyanide, sulphite, pyrophos-phate, fluoride and organic compounds1.1.2.1.b. Neutral metal complexes : determina-tions of cyanide, thiocyanate, halidesand organic compounds1.1.2.2. Ion-association complexes1.1.2.2.a. Inorganic anions : determinations ofperchlorate, nitrate and iodide1.1.2.2.b. Organic compounds.1.1.3. Heteropolyacid compounds : determination of phosphate1.1.3.1.Binary heteropolyacids1.1.3.1 .a. Single extraction1.1.3.1.b. Extraction - decomposition1.1.3.1 .c. Precipitation of molybdophosphoric acid1.1.3.2. Ternary heteropolyacids1.1.4. Redox reactions1.1.4.1. Inorganic anions : determinations of iodide, iodate,nitrate and chlorate1.1.4.2. Organic compoundiV December, 1983 SUMMARIES OF PAPERS IN THIS ISSUE1.2. Methods based on the formation of compounds in the atomisationcell1.2.1. Suppression or enhancement of the atomic-absorptionsignal of a metal1.2.1.1. Constant concentration of the metal added1.2.1.1.a. Alkali metals : determination of fluorine1.2.1.1.b. Alkaline earth metals: determinationsof phosphate, sulphate, fluoride andorganic compounds1.2.1.1 .c.Transition metals : determinations offluoride, sulphate and ammoniaVariable concentration of the metal added1.2.1.2.a. Atomic-absorption inhibition titration :determinations of sulphate and phos-phatetitration : determination of fluoride1.2.1.2.1.2.1.2.b. Atomic-absorption inhibition - release1.2.2. Molecular-absorption spectrometry : determination of halo-gensMethods based on the formation of volatile compounds: determi-tion of halogens1.3.2. Direct methods2.1. Non-metallic elements2.1.1. Flame methods2.1.1.1. Atomic-absorption spectroscopy : determinations2.1.1.2. Molecular-absorption spectroscopy : determinations2.1.2. Electrothermal methods : determinations of phosphorus,of phosphorus, sulphur and iodineof phosphorus and sulphursulphur and iodine2.2.Organic compounds3. ConclusionsKeywords : Review ; inorganic anions ; organic compounds ; indirect methods ;atomic-absorfition sfiectroscopyMANUEL GARCIA-VARGAS, MIGUEL MILLA and JUAN ANTONIODepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of CAdiz,Ckdiz, Spain.Analyst, 1983, 108, 1417-1449.PER~Z-BUSTAMANTEDetermination of Iron in Semiconductor - grade Silicon byFurnace Atomic-absorption SpectrometryThe determination of iron in semiconductor-grade silicon for device produc-tion by furnace atomic-absorption spectrometry is described for iron contentsdown to a level of 5 ng g-1 in slice and polycrystalline material. The siliconmatrix is first removed by treatment with hydrofluoric acid - nitric acid.Reagent purification and the selection of the most suitable furnace materialshave been studied.Surface iron contamination is assessed separately by achemical etching technique.Keywords : Iron determination ; furnace atomic-absorption sfiectrometry ;semiconductor-grade siliconDONAL A. STEWART and DAVID C. NEWTONPlessey Research (Caswell) Ltd., Towcester, Northamptonshir.e, "12 8EQ.Analyst, 1983, 108, 1450-1458December, 1983 SUMMARIES OF PAPERS IN THIS ISSUEFurnace Atomisation with Non- thermal Excitation-ExperimentalEvaluation of Detection Based on a High-resolution lhhelleMonochromator Incorporating Automatic Background CorrectionThe analytical potential that could be derived from the combination of aFANES source with a high-resolution wavelength-modulated 6chelle mono-chromator has been investigated.Detection limits for elements of highexcitation potential are improved using the non-thermal excitation processcompared with the thermal excitation processes available in carbon furnaceatomic-emission spectrometry. For some other elements of lower excitationpotential detection limits are impaired owing to the increased complexity ofthe background spectrum in the FANES source.Keywords : A tomic-emission spectrometry ; kchelle monochromator ; electro-thermal atomisation ; low-pressure discharge ; wavelength modulationVH. FALK, E. HOFFMANN and Ch. LUDKECentral Institute for Optics and Spectroscopy, Academy of Sciences, RudowerChaussee 5, 1199 Berlin, GDR.JOHN M.OTTAWAY and S. K. GIRIDepartment of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, CathedralStreet, Glasgow, G1 1XL.Analyst, 1983, 108, 1459-1465.Determination of Manganese in Precipitated Calcium CarbonateSamples Using Candoluminescence Spectrophotometry : SomeProblems Associated with the Preparation of StandardsThe intense yellow candoluminescence given by manganese in a calciumoxide - calcium sulphate matrix when placed in a hydrogen - nitrogen - airflame has been used to investigate the determination of manganese (in therange 0.2-0.6 p.p.m.) in commercial samples of precipitated calcium carbonate.The results obtained by the candoluminescence emission technique have beencompared with those obtained by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry anda kinetic spectrophotometric method.Keywords ; Manganese determination ; calcium carbonate ; candoluminescencespectrophotometry ; standard preparation(The late) RONALD BELCHER, E.ROY CLARK, MALCOLM H. LLOYDand HELENA PUZANOWSHA-TARASIEWICZDepartment of Chemistry, University of Aston in Birmingham, Gosta Green,Birmingham, B4 7ET.Analyst, 1983, 108, 1466-1470.Low-temperature Luminescence Spectroscopy Using ConductionCooling and a Pulsed Source Luminescence SpectrometerA new conduction cooling device for low-temperature luminescence measure-ments is presented and its use evaluated in a pulsed source luminescencespectrometer. Fluorescence and phosphoresence quantum yields are reportedfor some polyaromatic hydrocarbons at 77 K.Keywords : Low-temperature luminescence spectroscopy ; conduction cooling ;pulsed sourceALUN T.RHYS WILLIAMS and STEPHEN A. WINFIELDPerkin-Elmer Limited, Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire, HP9 1QA.and JAMES N. MILLERDepartment of Chemistry, Loughborough University of Technology, Loughborough,Leicestershire, LE11 3TU.Analyst, 1983, 108, 1471-1476vi SUMMARIES OF PAPERS I N THIS ISSUEAnalytical Potential of Valence State and Ligand Atom Effectsin Titanium K X-ray SpectraChanges in peak profiles and in peak energies of titanium Ka, K/3,,, + K/3’and K p2 + K 8” X-rays with both valency and ligand environment changeshave bekn observed. Both factors affect Koc but a distinct K/3’ featureidentifies Ti(I1) whilst ligand atoms can be identified from the K/3a,s, Kp”energy difference.When the ligands are known, the small shifts of the sharpand intense Ti Ka, peak provide the best indicator of valency. It issuggested that such shifts, together with changes in Kp peak profiles, couldbe used analytically to determine the valence state of titanium and thechemical nature of the atoms that surround it.Keywords ; Titanium X-ray sfiectra; valence state effects ; ligand atom effectsJOHN B. JONESAdmiralty Marine Technology Establishment, Holton Heath, Poole, Dorset,BH16 6JU.and DAVID S . URCHChemistry Department, Queen Mary College, Mile End Road, London, El 4NS.December, 1983Analyst, 1983, 108, 1477-1480.Quantitative Examination of Polyester - Cotton by Near-infraredPhotoacoustic SpectroscopyQuantitative analysis of polyester - cotton has been conducted using near-infrared photoacoustic spectroscopy.Linear calibration graphs wereobtained for mixtures of cotton and polyester ; the linear regression coefficientfor the cotton calibration graph was calculated to be 0.990 and that for poly-ester was 0.998.Keywords 1 Polyester - cotton analysis ; textile analysis ; near-infrared photo-CAROLINE M. ASHWORTH, GORDON F. KIRKBRIGHT and DOMINICE. M. SPILLANEDepartment of Instrumentation and Analytical Science, UMIST, Manchester,M60 1QD.Analyst, 1983, 108, 1481-1484.acoustic spectroscopyStatic and Flow Injection Voltammetric Determinations of TotalPhosphate and Soluble Silicate in Commercial Washing Powdersat a Glassy Carbon ElectrodeAnionic detergents have been shown to lower markedly the diff erential-pulsevoltammetric peak currents obtained for 12-molybdophosphate and 12-molybdosilicate in aqueous solutions, but when ethanol - water or acetone -water (1 + 1 V / V ) solutions are used there is no interference. Staticdifferential-pulse voltammetric and flow-injection voltammetric procedureshave been developed for the determination of total phosphate (involvinghydrolysis of polyphosphates) and soluble silicate in commercial washingpowders using these partly aqueous conditions. The effect of increasingethanol and acetone concentrations on the differential-pulse voltammogramshas been studied.Keywords ; Differential-pulse voltarnmetry ; pow injection analysis ; phosphatedetermination ; silicate determination ; washing powderARNOLD G. FOGG and GEOFFREY C. CRIPPSChemistry Department, Loughborough University of Technology, Loughborough,Leicestershire, LE11 3TU.and BRIAN J. BIRCHUnilever Research, Port Sunlight, Merseyside, L62 4XN.Analyst, 1983, 108, 1486-1489