En bloc ovariohysterectomy, a technique that involves ovariohysterectomy before hysterotomy and removal of the neonates, was performed on 63 animals (37 dogs and 26 cats). Intraoperative complications were limited to 1 cat that bled excessively during surgery and was later found to have a clotting disorder. Postoperative complications included anemia that required blood transfusion in 3 cats, uroperitoneum in 1 dog, and death in 1 cat. The rate of neonatal survival (75% for dogs and 42% for cats) was similar to that documented by previous studies of medical and surgical management of dystocia. We concluded that en bloc ovariohysterectomy is a safe and effective alternative to cesarean section for surgical treatment of dystocia in dogs and cats.