THE INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. (INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER,) EXAMINATION PAPERS For the year 1910. PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE COUNCIL, RICHARD B. PILCHER, Registvar and Secretary. SIXPENCE NETm 30,BLOOMSBURY SQUARE, LONDON, W.C. 1911. INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY. INTERMEDIATE AND FINAL EXAMINATIONS. Interiiiediate and Final Examinations are held each ycar in January, April, and July, except the Final .Examination in Branch (f): Biological Chemistry, Bacteriology. etc., which is held in October. The Intermediate Examination is open to :-(i) Candidates who produce evidence of having passed an approved Preliminary Exaiiiination in subjects of general education : of having regularly attended systematic day courseb, in an Institution recognised by the Council.during at least tl~tcc academic years. in theoretical and practical Chemistry, in Physics, in Mathematics. and in one of the following subjects, in accordance with the Regulations d the Institute : Higher Physics, Advanced Mathematics, Mechanics and Chemical Engineering, nIetallurgy , Geology and nIineralogy, Physiology, Bacteriology, Agriculture, Botany, Biology ; and of having satisfactorily passed the Class Examinations in the said subjects. (ii) Candidates who produce evidence of having passed an approved Preliminary Examination, of having taken two years’ training in am Institution recognised by the Council, as above (i), and of having worked systematically for two other years, under the direction of a Fellow of the Institute, in a laboratory approved by the Council.(iii) Candidates who have taken a Degree in Science in a University recognised by the Council, including inorganic and organic Chemistry, and Physics in the Degree Examination, and Mathematics in either the Degree or the Intermediate (University) Examination. The Final (A.I.C.) Examination is open to :-(i) Candidates who have passed the Intermediate Examination. (ii) Candidates who have taken a Degree in Science in a Vniversity recognised by the Council of the Institute, with first or second class honours in Chemistry, and can satisfy the Council as to their training in theoretical and practical Physics, Elementary Mathematics, and an approved optional subject.(iii) Candidates who have passed an approved Preliminary Examination, who have been trained in accordance with the Regulations, and who have obtained one of the following Diplomas :-A, It. C.S. (London), in the Division of Chemistry ; A.R.C.S. (Dublin), in the Faculty of Applied Chemistry ; A.C.G.I., in the Division of Chemistry. N.B.-Candidates taking Branch (e), the Chemistry of Food and Drugs, etc., are required to produce evidence of having taken a prescribed course in Elementary Botany ; Candidates taking Branch (f), Biological Chemistry, Bacteriology, etc., are required to produce evidence of having taken a prescribed course in Elementary Biology. Copies of the Regulations and Forms of application oan be obtained from The Registrar, Institute of Chemistry, 30, Bloomsbury Square, London, W.C.5 EXAMINATION PAPERS : 1910, JANUARY, 1910. BOARD OF EXAMINERS: Chairman : George Thomas Beilby, LL.D., F.R.S., President. For the Intewnediate Examiiiation: Bertram Blount, F.I.C.; Herbert Jackson, F.I.C. For the Final Examination: (a) Mineral Chemistry ... Bertram Blount, F.I.C. (b) Metallurgical Chemistry.. . Frank William Harbord, A.R.S.M., F.I.C. (c) Physical Chemistry ... Thomas Slater Price, D.Sc. (Lond. and Birm.), Ph.D. (Leipeig), F.I.C. (d) Organic Chemistry ... William Henry Perkin, Ph.D. (Wiirz- burg), F.R.S., F.I.C. (e) The Chemistry of Food and Cecil Howard Cribb, B.Sc. (Lond.), Drugs, and of Water F.I.C. (f)Biological Chemistry, Arthur Harden, D.Sc.(Vict.), Ph.D. Bacteriology , Fermenta-(Erlangen), F.I.C. tion, and Enzyme Sction (t.p.m.)Therapeutics, Pharnia- William Henry WiIIcox, If.D., cology and Microscopy 31. E.C.P., l3.S~. (Lond.), F.I.C. Intermediate Exarnination. GENERAL AND THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY. TTESDAI-, JANUARY 4th, 1910: 10 am. to 1 p.m. (The caizdidnte is expected to atfentpt all of the questions.) 1. A niixture of gypsum (CaS04 2H20)and flint, the latter in con-siderable excess, both finely powdered, is raised from the ordinary temperature to 1,500OC. Describe the changes which occur during this operation, indicating approximately the temperature of their occurrence. 2. A solution of hydrogen sulphide is added to equivalent solutions of chlorine, bromine, and iodine, the halogen in each case being in excess.Describe the reactions which you would expect to happen. 3. How can hydrated ferroso-ferric oxide be prepared ? What is the 4. Write out in detail a scheme for the quantitive analysis of cryolite5. Describe the oxides. sulphides, and chlorides of the metals antimony appearance of the substance ; mention any notable physical property. (double fluoride of sodium and aluminium). and tin, indicating. from the properties of these substances, points of chemical difference between the metals. 6 EXAMINATION PAPERS, 1910. 6. Ferric oxide is heated in hydrogen in a closed vessel ; at the same temperature ferric oxide is hcated in a stream of hydrogen. Describe and explain the reactions which occur in each case.2 p.m. to 5 P.??t. (The caqzdidate is expected to ntteinpt all of the qzmtioits.) 1. Describe the preparation of aceto-nitrile and of methyl isocyanide. Give an account of the chief reactions of these compounds which indicate the relative positions of the alkyl group and nitrogen contained in them. 2. Give an example of an a,of a B, and of a y hydroxy acid, describ- ing the preparation of each and the effect of the position of the hydroxyl group on the behaviour of each acid when heated. 3. Explain the difference between the two specific heats of a gas, and describe a method of determining their ratio. What evidence is this ratio considered to afford of the state of aggregation of the particles of a gas? 4.Describe the preparation of phenol from (a)Benzene, (b)aniline. Compare the behaviour of phenol and ethyl alcohol with caustic soda, bromine water, and nitric acid. 5. How is magnesium methyl iodide prepared? What reactions occur between it and (a) water, (b) formaldehyde, (c) acetaldehyde,(d)acetone, (e) acetamide ? 6. Give directions for preparing benzyl chloride and one of the chloro- toluenes. What experiments would you make to determine the position of the chlorine in the two substances ? PRACTICAL CHEIfISTRY. WEDNESDAY, JANCARY 5111, 1910: 10 a.m. to 4.3023.712. 1. Determine the available chlorine and the total chlorine in the solution containing sodium hypochlorite and chloride ; the total chlorine is to be determined grarimetrically.2. Identify the carbon compound and prepare a derivative. (Hydroquinone.) THr'RSDAY, JANiXRE' Gth, 1910: 10ct.i)t. to 4.3op.11~. 1. Nake a full qualitative analysis of the sample. (Ferro manganese.) 2. Hydrolyse the ester, examine the products and state what youconsider the ester to be. (Iso-butyl benzoate.) FRIDAY, JANCARY 'itlb, 1910: 10a.?n. to 4.30p.m. 1. Determine, as accurately as possible, the weight of copper per 2. The aqueous solution contains a little cane sugar and another 100 grms. of solution in the sample of copper chloride. carbon compound. Identify the latter and determine the percentage amount of it present in the solution.(Quinine hydrochloride.) 7 EXAMINATION PAPERS, rgxo. Final Examinations for the Assooiateship. Branch (a).-Mineral Chemistry. No candidate presented himself in this Branch. Branch (b).-Metal lurgical Chemistry. XONDAY, J14NCARk’ 31.4 1910 : 10 a.9)~to 1p.n~. 1. What is the ‘I assay value ” of a ton of ore containing Pb. 25 per cent., Zn. 12 per cent., Fe20.* 35 per cent., SiOa 10 per cent., Ag. 100 oz., Au. 10 dwts. ? What do you consider would be the net price receivable from a customs ” or other smelter where all classes of ore are obtainable for blending ? What would be the probable penalization, smelting losses, smelter’s charges, etc., on such or somewhat similar ore ? (Take the market price of the metals as, Pb. $12 ; Zn.$20 : Cu. bf60 : Ag. 2s. 3d. ; Au. 85s.) 2. Describe briefly the dressing of tin ore, and more fully the smelting of the “black tin ” Concentrates. What are the common impurities in black-tin ” ? Why does wolfram become concentrated in the black-tin.” if present in the original ore? How can it be separated from the “black-tin ” concentrates? 3. A sample of limestone contains CaO 47 per cent., MgO 3 per cent., Fe20,3and A120H2 per cent.. Si02 7 per cent. What is the theoretical percentage of “ free ” lime (CaO) which quick-lime prepared from it could contain ? How much lime would be “ available ” in such a limestone for blast-furiiace work. assuming that a bi-silicate slag is produced ? 4. What are the uses of nickel, chromium and tungsten in steel manufacture ? In what form are these metals generally used ? State what you know as to the preparation of these metals or their alloys for use by the steel maliers.5. How is sluminium manufactured ? Describe the raw materials and fluxes used, and state how they are prepared and what impurities are objectionable. What are the principal impurities in good merchantable aluminium, and what are their iiijurious effects ? 6. Describe, with fullest details, the best method you know for the assay of zinc ores, especially pointing out all precautions necessary on account of interfering metals which may be present in such ores. (At the ROYALSCHOOLOF MINES, LONDON.) TUESDAY an3 IVEDNESDAI‘, JANVARY 4th and 5th. 1910: 10 a.m. to 4.30p.m.each dug. 1. Make a commercially ‘*complete” analysis of the sample of magnesian limestone. 2. Determine the copper, iron. lime and real silica in the copper slag. Give your opinion as to the type of slag (Le., whether a mono-silicate, etc., etc.), and report your metal results in percentages of oxide as well as of metal. EXAMINATION PAPERS, xgro. THURSDAY aitcl FEIDAI; JANUARY 6th awl 7fh,1910 : 10 a.m. to 4.30 put. each day. 1. Determine the tungstic acid in the sample of wolfram. Report ils to its commercial value and state what you know as to the uses and the usual methods of valuing such ore. 2. Test the sample of type-metal and determine the three principal metals in it. Branch (c).-Physical Chemistry. (At the MUKICIPALTECHNICALSCHOOL,BIRMINGHAM.) MONDAY, JANCARY loth, 1910: 10 am.to 1 pm. (Five piestiom only to be attempted.) 1. In a recent report to the Chemical Society the following statement iB made: ‘‘ That hydrate formation occurs in aqueous solution is now accepted probably by the majority of physical chemists.” Discuss the evidence in support of this statement. 2. What are ‘‘additive,” “ colligative,” and “constitutive ” properties?What formclce have been proposed for the specific refractive power of n substance, and in what relation does the molecular refractive power of :I compound stand to the atomic refractive powers of the constituent elements ? Calculate the refractive power (using the Gladstone and Dale formula) of sodium chloride froin the following data : 22.2219 grms.of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride contained 2.1336 grms. NaCl. The density of the solution at 190 was 1.06803 and the refractive index for sodium light was 1.34978. At the same temperature 1grm. of water occupies 1.001564 cc. and has a refractive index of 1.33300. 3. Describe Parkes’ and Pattinsons’ processes for the desilverisation of 4. The lowering of the freezing point of a solution is represented by lead, explaining fully the physico-chemical principles on which they depend. ?l,A = k -where “?t ” is the number of gram-molecules of the solute inG,‘‘ G” grams of the solvent. Using the laws of osmotic pressure and of thermodynamics, deduce the factors of the constant ’‘ k,” and evaluate it for benzene (latent heat of fusion = 30.3 cals.).5. Briefly describe the principles of the apparatus by means of which the rotatory power of an optically active substance can be determined. A 5 per cent. solution of cane sugar has a rotation of aD= i-66T0 in a 2-decimetre tube. After complete inversion the rotation is uD= -19.7”. Ifthe solution is 0.01 normal with respect to hydrogen chloride the angle of rotation decreases by 69.2” in twenty minutes. What is the velocity constant of inversion ? What would be the value of the velocity constant if the hydrogen chloride were replaced by 0.1 normal lactic acid, the dissociation constant of which is 1.4 x 10-4 ? (The hydrogen chloride may be taken as completely dissociated in 0.01 normal solution.) EXAMINATION PAPERS.1910. 6. What do you understand by colloidal solutions? Give a brief description of their properties. How are they affected by the addition of (a)other colloids, (b) electrolytes ? What is the evidence for the hetero- geneous nature of such solutions ? 7. Define LL electrolytic solution pressure,” and deduce an expression for the difference of potential that exists at an electrode consisting of a metal immersed in a solution of one of its salts. How can these calculated differences of potential be applied in the following cases : (a) the action of acids and water on metals : (6) the electrolytic separation of metals from aqueous solutions of their salts ? TUESDAI-,JAhrL7ARY llth, 1910: 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m.Measure the velocity of reaction between potnssiuni persulphate and potassium iodide (n/80 K2SOA: n/40 KI) in the presence of 4200 sulphuric acid ; from your results calculate the velocity constants, assuming that the reaction is (a)bimolecular, (6) trimolecular. Also show that the acceleration produced by ferrous sulphate is directly proportional to its concentration, using m/8.000 and m/16,000 ferrous sulphate. WEDNESDAI*,JANUARY 12th, 1910 : 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. 1. Determine the wave Iengths of the chief lines of the spectra of the given substance. 2. Determine the refractivity of sodium chloride at the temperature of the water supply and at 250, using an approximately 10 per cent. solution. THURSDAY,JANUARY 13t7~,1910: 10 am.to 4.30p.m. You are supplied with a standard solution of sodium hydroxide and with a solution of hydrogen chloride. Determine (a)the strength of the acid by a conductivity method, znd also the molecular conductivity and percentage dissociation ; (b) the concentration of the hydrions by an electrometric method. FRIDAY, JANUARY 14th, 1910 : 10 am. to 4.30 pna. Determine the ‘: critical solution temperature ” and -’critical concen- tration ” of mixtures of phenol and water. Branch (d).-Organic Chemistry. MONDAY,JANLTARY loth, 1910: 10 a.m. to 1 13.91~. (Fivequestions only to be amweTed. 1 1. Give a, short sketch of the methods which have been employed in preparing aldehyde-alcohols and ketone-alcohols containing not more than four carbon atoms.What are the most characteristic properties of these substances ? 2. From what natural sources are kreatine and kreatinine obtained ? What constitutional formuh have been assigned to these substances and on what grounds ? How have they been synthesised ? 10 EXAMINATION PAPERS, J~IO. 3. How has carbon suboxide been obtained? Give the principal properties of this substance and discuss its constitution. 4. How are pyrrol, indol and carbazol obtained, and how have their constitutions been proved ? Compare and contrast the properties of these substances. 5. What reduction products of benzene are known and how have they been prepared ? Discuss the changes in properties which occur during the different stages of the reduction of benzene.6. Give an outline of the arguments which have led to the usually accepted formula of one of the following alkaloids : Nicotine, Narcotine of Berberine. TUESDAY and TVEDNESDAY, JANUAIZY 11th and 12th, 1910 : 10 a.m. to 4.30p.7~~. (a) Convert the menthol into menthone and menthoneoxime, and determine either the melting points or boiling points of each of these substances. From the menthoneoxime prepare I-menthylamine hydro- chloride ; crystallise it from water and determine its rotation. (b) Determine the solubility of the substance, A: in water at four different temperatures, and plat out a solubility curve. (p-cresol.) THURSDAY, J-4NUARY 13tl1, 1910: 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. The mixture contains three constituents, separate and identify them, and determine their physical properties.(11-and o-nitrophenol and acetanilide.) FRIDAY, JANCARY 14tlL, 1910: 10 a.m. to 4.30 21.m. From the aniline and chloracetic ester supplied, prepare phenyl- glycine ester and phenylglycine. Recrystallise them, determine their melting points and convert the phenylglycine into indigo. State the yield of indigo obtained. Branch (e).-The Chemistry of Food and Drugs, and of Water. NONDAY, JANUARY loth, 1910: 10 a.m. to 1pm. 1. What do you understand by the terms ‘‘ corrosive ” and (‘irritant ’’ poison ? What is the action of such poisons when taken internally ? Give a list of official drugs which may act as corrosive or irritant poisonsrespectively. Describe exactly how you would detect and estimate Phenol in the contents of the stomach in a fatal case of poisoning by this substance.2. Classify the official drugs and preparations which are used as pur-gatives, and give the dose of each. 3. Discuss the uses and importance of the ‘L Standardisation of Drugs.” Give examples of preparations which are directed to be standardised bythe British Pharmacopceia, and the strength ordered. What methods have been suggested for the standardisation of DigitalisErgot. Describe the official process of standardisation of Liquid Extract of Nux Vomica. 11 EXAMINATION PAPERS, 19x0. (To be answered in a separate book.) 1. To what extent are the forin and wording of the certificates and reports of the Public Analyst regulated by the provisions of the Sale of Food and Drugs Acts, 1875 to 1899 ? Discuss briefly the main principles which should guide him, apart from what is prescribed by law, in drawing up certificates relating to adulterated ar ti cles. 2.Write a short account of the chief methods at the disposal of the Public Analyst for the detection of artificial colouring matters in articles of food. 3. Assuming that two samples of water, derived from the sources mentioned, yield the results of analysis given on the annexed slip, express briefly your opinion as to their suitability for drinking purposes. 2 p.n~.to 5 p.su. (Reftwme books nllozced for 1, 2, and 3.) 1. Submit the liquid, A, to the Marsh-Berzelius Test and prepare a mirror froni ‘LO cc. of the liquid. Report as to the poison present from the result of the test.2. Examine the gastric contents, B, for hydrocyanic acid, without removing any of the liquid froni the bottle. 3. Xxamine and report on the sediment in the urine, C. 4. Identify the inicroscopic specimens 1,2, 3. TUESDA I-, JANUL4RP llth, 1910 : 10 a.m. to 4.3011.112. 1. Analyse fully the sample of cream and report as to its genuineness or otherwise. (The nature of the fat need not be investigated, but the proportion must be ascertained.) 2. Examine the sample of margarine fat as to its content of butter f,it. WEDNESDAI-, JA4h’CL4RY12t74 1910 : 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. 1. Examine the sample of gelatin and report as to its suitability for use in food preparations.2. Examine the powders supplied to you, and make such microscopical preparations as will indicate the part of the plant from which they are derived. 3. Estimate the metallic iron in the reduced-iron lozenges. THURSDAY, JANUARY 13tl~, 1910 ; 10 a.m. to 4.30p.sn. 1. Examine and report upon Lhe sainple of olive oil. 2. Estimate the total alkaloids in the ipecacuanha wine. FRIDAY, ,TANVARY 14t31, 1910: 10 a.m. fo 4.30 p.m. 1. Ascertain the nature of the poison in the stomach contents. 2. The sugar supplied you has a specific rotation of +139.2. Ascertain (Potassium dichroina te.) the angular rotation of a 20 per cent. solution of it in the tube provided, and calculate from your result the length of the tube. Calculate also a convenient “normal weight ” for use when estimating the sugar in question,assuming that the same instrument and tube are to be employed.I~Lthe Fi?aal Exantinutions, candidates weye repi iwd to knszslate French nitd Gel-ntan technical lite?-atweiuto English,the we of dictionaries being01 lowed. 12 EXAMINATION PAPERS, rgro. APRIL, 1910. BOARD OF EXAMINERS. ('hairman : George Thomas Beilby, LL.D., F.R.S.,Prcsident. FOY the Iutcr?)icdia1e 3.rc~~1iZ110 tioit : Bertrani Blount, F.I.C. ; Herbert Jaclisoii, F.I.C. (a) Ilineral Chemistry ... Bertram Blount, F.I.C. (0) Metallurgical Chemistry Frank William Harbord, A.R.S.N., F.I.C. (c) Physical Chemistry . . . Thomas Slater Price, D.Sc. (Lond.and Eirni.), Ph.D.(Leipzig), F.I.C. (d) Organic Chemistry ... William Henry Perlrin, Ph.D. (Wiirz- burg). F.R.S., F.I.C. (e) The Chemistry of Food Cecil Howard Cribb, B.Sc. (Lond.),and Drugs, and of P.1.C'. Water (-1') Biological Chemistry, Gilbert John Fowler, D.Sc. (Vict.),Bacteriology, Fermen- F.I.G. tation, and EnzymeAct i on (lpu.) Therapeutics, Phar- Willjam Henry Willcox, RLD., B.Sc. macology and Micros-(Lond.), N.E.C.l)., F.I.C. COPY Intermediate Examination. GENERAL AND THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY, TUESDAY, APRIL 5th, 1910 : 10 a.ni. to 1 p.w~. (The candidate is expected to attcmpt all of the questions.) 1. Carbon, silicon, tin and thorium are in the same periodic group. Give reasons for their association in one group and describe their oxides and chlorides, giving their formulz and a short general account of their properties.2. A solution of hydrochloric acid and one of hydriodic acid (about 10 per cent. in each case) are electrolysed between platinum electrodes. What substances will be liberated at the electrodes or found in the electrolyte in each case ? 3. A boiler incrustation consists of calcium carbonate, calcium sulphate and magnesium oxychloride, together with small quantities of iron and silica. Draw up a scheme for its quantitative analysis. 4. Given a piece of pure phosphorus, fully describe the methods you5. What reactions occur when chlorine is passed into : (a) ammonia would adopt to determine its chemical equivalent and its atomic weight.solution, (b)a solution of caustic potash, (c) chalk suspended in water? 13 EXAMINATION PAPERS, 1910. 6. State how you would prepare A12CIG,and ,41K(S04)z 12H20 from pure A1203. 2 p.llt. to 5 2J.IIL. (The candiclatc is eqiected to attempt all of the qtiestiolzs.) 1. Describe the preparation of acetyl chloride and give an account of its use as a reagent. 2. Give a description of syntheses, properties and reactions of urea which show its chemical relation to carbonic acid. 3. How has the isomerism of inaleic and fumaric acids been explained ? Discuss the relation of these acids to the different modifications of tartaric acid. 4. Describe and explain the methods you would adopt to determine the molecular weight of each of the following : benzene, tartaric acid, quinine, cane sugar.5. Give an account of the ‘:diazo” reaction and explain its applica- tion to the preparation of a hydrocarbon, a phenol, a halogen substitution product and a cyanide. 6. Camphor is described as a saturated ketone. Give an account of properties and reactions of camphor in support of this statement. Hbw may borneol and cymene be obtained from camphor ? PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY. WEDNESDAY, APRIL 6th 1910: 10 a.m. to 4.30p.n~. 1. Analyse the mixture of chalk and gypsum quantitatively. 2. Identify the carbon compound and prepare a derivative froinit. (Acetophenone.) THURSDAY, APRIL 7th) 1910 ; 10 a.m. to 4.30 21.112. 3. Determine the specific gravity of the sample of Portland cement.4. The solution contains the hydrochloride of an organic base and a little sodium chloride. Identify the base and determine the number of grams of it present in 100 cc. of the solution. (Ethylanhe.) FRIDA4Y,APRIL Sth, 1910 : 10 a.11~.to 4.30 p.?~. 5. Aiialyse qualitatively the sample. (Cryolite.) G. Determine the equivalent and the basicity of the organic acid. Examine the products of its decomposition when heated above its melting point and state what you consider the acid to be. (Nalonic acid.) 14 EXAMINATION PAPERS, 19x0. Final Examinations for the Associateship. Branch (a).-M ineral Chemistry. MONDAY, APRIL 4th, 1910 10 u.iIL. to 1p.11~. 1. Carbon is heated in contact with silica, silicon, magnesia, lime, iron, silver, hydrogen and chlorine respectively through the whole range of temperature attainable in the laboratory.What changes occur and what compounds are formed ? 2. Describe a method of analysing an alloy of the following com- position :-Cu 60 per cent., Zn 20 per cent., Ni 18 per cent., Fe 1per cent., A1 1per cent. 3. Current at a pressure of 5 volts is passed through two electrolytic cells in series ; the electrolyte in both is a solution of copper sulphate. In one the electrodes are made of copper and in the other of gold. Describe what will occur in each cell. 4. An analysis of a,mixture of potassium chloride, broinide and iodide is inade by the following method :-One grain of the mixed salts is precipitated bysilver nitrate and the total weight of silver chloride, bromide, and iodide is determined. Another grain is similarly precipitated and the chloride is converted into bromide by digestion with potassium bromide.A third gram is precipitated as before, and all the salts are converted into iodide by digestion with potassium iodide. The weights obtained are as follows :-AgCl + AgBr + AgI = 1.7713 grins. AgBr + A@. = 2.1297 ,,AgI = 2.6267 ,, Cnlculate the percentages of the potassium chloride, bromide, mid iodide, in the original mixture. (K = 39,G1 = 35.5, Br = 80,I =127, Ag =108.) 5. Give the formulz and describe the iiiodes of formation of hydraziiie, hydroxylamine, hyponitrous acid, and azoiniide. 6. Mention as many definite carbides as you know, and give their reactioiis with (a)water, (b)hydrochloric acid.TUESDAY, APRIL 5tli, 1910 : 10 a.11~.fo 4.30 p.11~. Report 011 the purity and strength of the sample of liquor ammoniz. WEDNESDAI', APRIL 6th, 1910 : 10 a.m. to 4.30 11.w. JIalre a qualitative analysis of the sample of mineral. (Rock con- taining RU tuni te.) THL-RSDJ Y aid FRIDAY, -4I'RIL 7thcmd 8th,1910 : 10a.i~.to 4.30p.m. 1. Deterniine gravimetrically as accurately as possible the percentage of sulphur in the sample of ore. (Sudbury nickel ore.) EXAMINATION PAPERS, Igro. 2. Prepare pure anhydrous magnesium chloride from. the sample of pure magnesia, and give proof of its degree of purity. NoTE.-The determination of the sulphur is to be coinpleted on the fourth day, and the method of preparing inagiie3ium chloride must be decided upon on the third day.Branch (b).-Metallurgical Chemistry. No candidate presented himself in this Branch Branch (c).-Physical Chemistry. (Af the IfUNICIPAL TECHNICALSCHOOL, BIRMIXGHAM.) iWONDAI-, APllIL llth, 1910 : 10 a.712. to 1 11.m (Fice piestions OIL~Jto Be afteirijited.) 1. In a recent paper the statement \\'a$ made that '' the ionisation of water is purely an assumption for which we have no definite proof." Discuss the evidence for and against the statement. 2. Two coinponents A and B may. or may not, foriii mixed crystals with each other. How can the matter be decided from n, consideration of the curves showing the relation between the composition and freezingpoint of mixtures ofA and B ? JYhat use can be made of cooling curves in this connection ? 3.From the point of view of the law of mass action and the theory of electrolytic dissociation. discuss--(a) the solubility of silver broniate in a, solution of potassium bromate, as compared with the solubility in water ; (b) the solubility of magnesium hydroxide in a solution of miinonium chloride ; (c) the analytical separation of copper and cadiniuin in a cyanidesolution by ineans of hydrogen sulphide ; (cl) the use of phenol phthalein, and not of methyl orange, as an indicator in the titration of n, weak acid with sodium hydroxide. 4. Give a short account of the behnviour of gases under varying con- ditions of temperature and pressure. What explanation of the results can be given ? Calculate the critical temperature and critical pressure of nitric oxide from the following equation :-(p + '-:?27) iv-OQ01156) = RT.5. Give 3 detailed account of any one atomic weight determination which has been carried out in the last few years. IVhat should be thc guiding principles in choosing a method for such determinations ? 6. What relationship exists between the vapour pressure of a dilute solution and that of the solvent ? How can this relationship be utilised to find the molecular weight of a substance in solution ? EXAMINATION PAPERS, 1910. 2-012 grams of resorcinol are dissolved in 100 grams of ether. The rise in the boiling point is 0.399O. Find the molecular weight of the resorcinol, being given that the boiling point of ether is 34*8O, and the latent heat of vaporisation 84.5 calories.7. Give some account of the industrial applications of ‘‘catalysis.” T UESDAY, APRIL 12t14 1910 : 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.nr. From measurements of the electrical conductivity of aniline hydro- chloride in (i.) water, (ii.) an aqueous solution of aniline, determine the percentage hydrolysis of aniline hydrochloride at dilutions of 64 and 128 litres respectively. IVEDNESD,-I Y. APRIL 13th, 1910: 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. Investigate the distribution of beneoic acid betweeii benzene andwater, and hence find the dissociation constant of the complex (CGH5.COOH)2. THURSDAY, APRIL lMi, 1910 : 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. Determine the heat of neutralisation of the given solution of ortho-phosphoric acid, using respectively 2, 3, and 6 molecules of sodium hydroxide per molecule of phosphoric acid.What conclusions do youdraw from your rewlts? FRIDA17. APRIL 15t16, 1910 : 10 u.m. to 4.30 pm. 1. You are supplied with a standard solution of silver nitrate and a solution of potassium chloride. Determine the strength of the latter using the capillary electrometer as an indicator. 2. Determine the solubility of silver chloride in water. Branch (d).-Organ ic Chemistry. XONDSY, APRIL 4th, 1910 : 10 a.m. to 1 p.iit. (Five guestions only to be answered.) 1. By what methods has carbon suboxide been obtained? What are its more important physical and chemical properties, and what is its probable constitution ? 2.Write a short account of the preparation and properties of the hydroxy-methylene compounds. Compare their properties especially with those of acetoacetic ester. 3. What aromatic derivatives of arsenic have been prepared? Describe in particular those which have been proved to be of value in medicine. 4. Give, with all esscittinl practical details, the preparation of cinna-mic acid. How is this acid converted into phenylpropiolic acid. and what is the behaviour of phenylpropiolic ester when its solution in sulyhuric acid is poured into water ? 5. Give, with all csscittial practical details, the preparation of benzoyl-benzoic acid and its conversion into anthraquinone. How is anthraquinone converted into alizarin. and how has the constitution of this latter substance been proved? 17 EXAMINATION PAPERS, 1910.6. Give,with all essential practical detnils, the preparation of o-bromo- benzoic acid from toluene. What are the principal o-derivatives which may be conveniently prepared either directly or indirectly from toluene ? 7. Sketch a suitable apparatus for the preparation of formaldehydeand explain the process in detail. How would you prepare dl-fructose from formaldehyde ? TUESD9Y and WEDNESDAY, APRIL 5th and 6th, 1910: 10 a.m. to 4.30pm. Nitrate the toluene supplied and separate the nitro-derivatives as completely as possible. Carefully purify the p-nitrotoluene and convert it into p-toluidine, 23-acetotoluide, and p-cresol. Leave specimens of all the substances you prepare.THURSDAY cud PRIDSY, APRIL 7th awl Sth, 1910 : 10 C6.1IL. to 4.30 p.?U. Determine the methoxy-groups in the narcotine supplied. Prepareits platinichloride and determine the platinum which it contains. Prepare, from the alkaloid, pure specimens of opianic acid and cotarnine. Leave specimens in each case. Branch (c).-The Chemistry of Food and Drugs, and of Water. JIONDAY, APRIL 4th, 1910 : 10 am. to 1p.m. (Rrfewnce Boolis allowed for 1,2, ad 3.) 1. You are given 2 cc. of a liquid. Examine it by inicroscopical and microchemical tests for the presence and identity of an alkaloid. (Morphine.) 2. Examine the sample of blood B for a gaseous poison. (Carbonmonoxide.) 3. Report on the sediment of the water C.4. Identify the microscopical specimens 1,2, 3. (Oral Eramination.) 3 p.?L to 6 p.?% 1. What advantage is gained by the use of a wide-angle objective on .the microscope ? What do you understand by the term ‘-Numerical Aperture ’* ? 2. Write a short account of the chief methods in use for the disposal 3. Give a formula expressing the relation between the rotation of of sewage. cane sugar before and after inversion. On what experimental evidence is it based? 18 EXAMINATION PAPERS, 19x0. (To be aizszcewd in a sepamte itotc-book.) 1. Give a list of the official preparations of mercury and its compounds. Give the dose of those intended for internal administration. In what ways does industrial mercurial poisoning arise, what are its symptoms, and what precautions are taken to prevent its occurrence amongst workpeople ? 2.What do you understand by the ternis “-Intiseptic” and “ Disinfectant ‘’ ? Give a list of drugs used as disinfectants. What methods are employed for determining the disinfectant power of a drug ? 3. What is an alkaloid? Name the official alkaloids and give the closes and methods of adininistration. TUESDAY, APRIL 5th, 1910: 10 a.71~.to 4.30 p.m. 1. Examine the sample of ‘‘humanised *’ milk with a view to asce r-taining how far its composition entitles it to bear that description. 8. Estimate the mercury in the sample of antiseptic gauze. WEDNESDAY, APRIL GtlL, 1910: 10 CI.VL. to 4.50p.~t. 1. Examine the sample of sewage effluent and report as to its fitness to be discharged into a stream. 2.Exaniine the samples of flour and report whether they have or have not been bleached. THCBSDAY, APRIL 7th, 1910: 10 a.ii~.to 4.30 p.m. 1. Deterniinc the total alkaloids in the belladonna plaster. 2. Exanijne the powdered drugs with the microscope and report as to their genuineness or otherwise. FRIDAY, APRIL $th, 1910 : 10 u.11~.to 4.30 p.~t. 1. The porridge supplied you is alleged to have caused strong symptoms of hypnotic poisoning ; examine it for a substance likely to produce such an effect. (Sulphonal.) 2. Cut sections of the leaves supplied you, inount thein permanently, and leave the finished preparations on your bench. The preparations must be sketched and described.19 EXAMINATION PAPERS, 1910. JULY, 1910. BOARD OF EXAMINERS: Chairman : George Thomas Beilby, LL.D., F.R.S., PresidP)tf. FOYthe Iiitet~~i~ediateh’xaminufion : Bertram Blount, F.I.C. ; Herbert Jackson, F.I.C. For tlie E’iital ExtxminatiorL : (a) Mineral Chemistrg ... Bertram Blount, F.1.C. (b) Metallurgical Chemistry ... Frank William Harbord, A.E.S.N., F.I. c. (c) Physical Chemistry ... Thoinas Slater Price. D.Sc. (Loncl. and Birm.), 1’h.D. (Leipzig). F.I.C. (d) Organic Chemistry ... William Henry I’erkin. P1i.D. (Kiiirz-burg), F.K.Y., F.I.C. (e) The Chemistry of Food and Cecil Howard Cribb, R.?c. (Loncl.), Drugs, and of Water F.I. C.cf) Biological Chemistry, Arthur Harden, 11.8~. (Vict.), P1i.D.Bacteriology, Fermenta-(Erlangen), F.1.C. tion, and Eiizy~ne Action (t.p.m.) Therapeutics, Pharma-William Henry Mrillcox, R1.D .M.l;.~’.l’., c010g.v iind MicroscoDv I).Sc, (Lontl.). F. I.C. Intermediate Examination. (At the INSTITUTE TECHNICALand at the GLASGOW COLLEGE.) GENERAL AND THEORETICAL CHENISTRY. TCESDAY. JCLY 5tlz, 1910; 10 a.n~to 121.n~ 1. How can carbon be obtained from Cod, CSp, and CCld. 2. Describe the chlorides of sulphur, arsenic, and phosphorus, and their respective behaviour with water. 3. Write a scheme for the analysis of an alloy consisting of 83 per cent. of tin, 8 per cent. of antimony, and 8 per cent. of copper, the balance consisting of arsenic, iron, and lead, in equal proportions.4. A 1 per cent. solution of HCI is distilled. Describe the changes which occur as the distillation proceeds, and state by what inethod a saturated solution of HC1 can be obtained from this 1per cent. solution. Why does a concentrated solution of hydrochloric acid fume in the air ? 5. MgClz is to be prepared from MgO, chlorine and carbon. The heats of combination of jig and 0, of Jig and C12, and of C and 0. are 145,860, 151,000,28,600 respectively in grm. calories per molecule. Calculate the balance of grin. calories given out or absorbed. 6. Nitric acid of specific gravity 1.5 is brought into contact with sulphur, graphite, iron, aluminium, silicon and tin. State what change you expect to occur in each case, and where possible write the equation.2 p.m. to 5 p.lL 1. How has the constitution of d-glucose been determined ? IVhat substances have been used as the starting points in the syntheses of hexoses ? Give a short account of the steps involved. 20 EXAMINATION PAPERS, 1910. 2. Describe the preparation of alloxan and alloxantine, and write formulz to indicate their probable structure. 3. How may citric acid be obtained from acetone, and acetone froin citric acid ? What are the chief products of the action of heat 011 this acid? 4. Compare the chief chemical properties of phenol, aniline, diphenylamine and benzaldehyde with the analogous derivatives of ethane. 5. Describe the preparation of phenolphthalein. Discuss the physical and chemical theories which have been suggested to explain its behaviour as an indicator.6. Give a short account of the properties of pyridine and of anysynthesis of it which support the view that it is a ring compound. PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY. WED-VESDAY, JULY Gth, 1910: 10 am. to 4.30 p.iu. 1. Analyse the sample, A, quantitatively. (Saturated solution of sulphur in benzene.) 2. Identify the groups present in the carbon compound, B, and determine the percentage of one of them. (Ethyl oxamate.) THUESDA4Y, JG'LY 7th, 1910 : 10 a.m. to 4.30 21.m 3. Nake a, full qualitative analysis of the alloy, C. (Chrome-nickelsteel.)4. Separate and identify the two constituents of the mixture of carbon compounds, and determine its composition as closely as is practicable. (Phenol, 21-tolnidine.) FRIDAY, JUL 8th, 1910: 10 a.m.to 4.30 p.m 5. The solution, D, consists of a mixture of sodium nitrite and sodium bromide dissolved in water. Determine the amount of Na, of NO2,and of Br, as accurately as possible, stating your results in grammes per 100 C.C. 6. Prepare anthraquinone from anthracene and leave a purifiedspecimen. Final Examinations for the Associateship. Branch (a).-M ineral Chemistry. (At the INSTITUTE.) ,l.iONDdY, JULY 4th, 1910: 10 am. to 1 ~IL 1. Name three elements which in their properties stand between the metals and non-metals, and describe their chief characteristics and coin- pounds, with especial reference to their resemblance to metals on the one side and non-metals on the other. 2. Give an account of the generally accepted views of the relationship between uranium and helium, naming the stages of change from one to the other.3. It is required to prepare nitrogen pure except as regards its content of argon and similar inert gases, in a large quantity and at a cheap rate. Describe an appropriate method. 4. Describe and give the formulae of the oxides and chlorides of the following elements : thallium, tungsten, germanium, cerium. 21 EXAMINATION PAPERS, 19'0. 5. Draw up a scheme for the quantitative analysis of an alloy consist- ing of Cu 90 per cent., A1 9.5 per cent., Pb 0.29 per cent., Fe 0.1 per cent., Si 0.1 per cent., Na 0.01 per cent., regard being had to the determination of all the minor constituents with accuracy.6. A current of electricity is passed through three cells in series. The first is provided with carbon electrodes, and the electrolyte is a 10 per cent. solution of HC1: the second has a copper cathode and a carbon anode, and the electrolyte is a solution of copper sulphate slightly acid with sulphuric acid ; the third has a silver anode and a copper czthode, the electrolyte being a solution of silver nitrate slightly acid with nitric acid. State what reactions occur in each cell and calculate the weight of the products at the anode and at the cathode of each cell per ampere hour on the following data : 1 coulomb of electricity liberates 0.0000105 grms. of hydrogen.(Ag = 108, CU -63.6, H = 1,0 = 16, S = 32. C1 = 35.5.) TUESDAY, JGLY 5th, 1910 : 10 a.m.to 4.30 22.7~. Determine the total chlorine, the available chlorine, and the chlorine as chlorate in the bleaching liquor. WEDNESDAY, JC'LY 6th, 1910: 10 ci.711. fo 4 3Op.?~z. hnalyse the sample of clay and report on its suitability for brick making. (The work iiiay be contpleted to-?itowoic.) THURSDAY and FBIDAF, JCLY 7thaid Sth, 1910: 10 a.m. to 4.30p.n~ 1. Complete yesterday's work. 2. Prepare a sample of brass having the composition of 70 per cent. of copper and 30 per cent. of zinc as nearly as possible. Determine the composition of your product and leave a specimen.The preparation nzny be made on Thzwsday and the anallisis cawied out on Friday. Branch (b).-Metallurgical Chemistry. (At the INSTITUTE.) MONDAY, JULY lltli, 1910 : 10 a.m.to 1 p.m. 1. Describe with the aid of a sketch. a modern coking plant, and 2. What are the chief causes of the losses of gold and of mercury in a point out the advantages it possesses over the bee-hive oven. stamp mill ? How may these losses be minimised ? 3. State concisely the methods you mould employ for the determina- tion of lead and zinc in the sample of Broken Hill ore. Give your reasons for the methods selected. 4. Describe briefly the process of refining a charge of blister copper. State the chemical and physical changes which take place during the operation.5. What treatment would you recommend for the extraction of goldfrom the following ore :-Iron pyrites, 21 per cent.Copper pyrites, 9 per cent. Calc spar, 34 per cent. Quartz, 36 per cent. Gold, 2 oz. per ton, partly free and partly in the pyritos. 6. Describe in detail the electrolytic method of refining lead. 22 EXAMINATION PAPERS, rgro. SCHOOL(At tlic ROYAL OF MINES, LONDON.) TL%SDd Y and TYEDNE’SD-4Y, JULY 12tL mcZ 13t7~,1910: 10 a.m. to 4.30p.?n.each day. 1. Make a complete analysis of the sample of pig iron, and report on ’its suitability for the munufacture of high class castings, such as motor car cylinders. 2. The sainple of steel submitted is of high class quality, containing about 0.35 per cent. of carbon, and you are required to determine the heat treatment which will give the highest elastic limit and ultimate stress combined with maximum ductility.Or,Examine the sample of copper and report upon its suitability for tube plates of locomotives, giving your reasons. THUBSDAY and FRIDAY, JULY 14th und 15tlL, 1910: 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.~.each day. 1. Examine the sample of antimony ore; report on its commercial value and state how you would propose to smelt it. The gold and silver need not be determined, but assuming the ore contains three to four dwts. of gold per ton, how would you propose to recover this? 2. Determine the percentage of gold and silver in the given alloy. Branch (c).-Physical Chemistry. MONDAY, JULI‘ 4tL, 1910 : 10 a.m to 1p.nt. (At th nfUNICIPAL TECHNICALSCHOOL, BIRMIEGHAM.) (Five pcstioiis oidy to be ansluered.) 1. What is meant by the “avidity” of an acid? What different methods can be used to determine avidities ? A sniall aniouiit of a base is mixed with an excess of an equimolecular mixture of two acids.The ionisatioil of the one acid is 10 per cent., of the other, !I0 per cent. How much of each salt will be present in 100 parts of the salt formed? 2. Bescribe fully the changes in the vapohr pressure of Gus04 5H20 as it is dehydrated at constant temperature. How can the vapour pressure of such salts be measured ? On the floor of avacuum desiccator were placed 100grams of anhydroussodium carbonate. A small weighed quantity of the decahydrate. spread in a thin layer on a watch glass, was introduced. The desiccator was then evacuated and kept at room temperature. Froin time to time the substance on the watch glass was weighed, with the following results :-Nolecules.Time in days. Weight in grams. Loss in grams. H20per NazCOj 0 3.129 - 10.0 3 0925 1.204 1.0 10 0.925 1.204 1.0 12 0,925 1.204 1.0 Explain the above results. 23 EXAMINATION PAPERS, 19x0. 3. What is the co-efficient of absorption of a gas? How can it be dctermined experiniontally ? Water is shaken up with its own bulk of a mixture of 1 volume of nitrogen and 3 volumes of nitric oxidc. Supposing the temperature and pressure to remain normal and constant throughout the experiment, calculate the composition of the residual gas. Bunsen's co-efficient for nitrogen = 0.0235, and for nitric oxide = 0.0738. 4.State the second law of thermodynamics. Assuming the law deduce an expression by means of which the latent heat of vaporisation of a liquid may be calculated from a knowledge of the variation of the vapour pressure with the temperature. The vapour pressure of water at 99.8O is 754.58 mm., and at 100.2O. 765.45 mm. Calculate the latent heat of vaporisation for 1gram of water at 100". Regnault's value for 100" is 537 calories ; how do you account for the difference between the calculated and experimental values ? 5. What do you understand by the deposition potential of an ion? What is the effect of different metals on the deposition potential of the hydrion and what use has been made of this in the electrolytic reduction of inorganic and organic compounds ? 6. Give a description of any two types of furnace for the manufacture of calcium carbide.How may calcium carbide be utilised for the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen, and how is the nitrogen obtained for the purpose ? What is the commercial importance of the product obtained ? 7. Describe how the transport number of an ion may be determined by measurement of the changes in concentration of an electrolyte in the neighbourhood of the electrodes, and of the quantity of electricity passed through the solution. How ca~ the absolute velocity of an ion be determined directly ? A solution of sodiuni chloride, containing 0.20813 gram of sodium chloride per 100 grams of solution, was electrolysed, and during electrolysis 0.4125 gram Ag was deposited in a silver voltameter in series.After electrolysis the anolyte contained 0.13747 gram C1, and weighed 718.96 grams after-deducting the quantity of zinc dissolved from the zinc anode. Calculate the transport number of the chloridion. TUESDAI', JCLP 5th, 1910: 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.~.Measure the velocity of reaction between hydrogen peroxide and hydriodic acid. From your results show that the reaction is one of the second order. WEDNESDAY and THURSDAY,JCLI' 6th nitd 7th, 1910: 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m.(a)Determine the amount of ZnSOd 7H20 in 100 C.C. of the given solution, using (i.) a refractometric method, (ii.) n density method, (iii.) a rapid electro-analytical method. You are supplied with pure zinc sulphate. (b).Determine the heat of solution of succinic acid in water by measuring the solubility of the acid at the temperature of the water supply, and at 25". FRIDA Y, JULY 8th, 1910: 10 a.m. ,to 4.30 p.m.Find the value of the Ferri-Ferro (Fe..---;, Fee.) potential, using solutions of ferrous and ferric nitrates which are semi-normal with respect to nitric acid, 24 EXAMINATION PAPERS, 1910. Branch (@.-Organic Chemistry. (&4t the INSTITUTE, TECHNICALand at the GLASGOW COLLEGE.) NONDAY, JULY 4th, 1910: 10 a.m. to 1p.1'~. (Rue questions,two of which must be taken from Sectbiz II., only to be answered.) SECTION I. 1. Write a short account of the methods of preparation and properties of the aliphatic and aromatic lactones. What ,+lactones are known and how hare they been obtained? Devise a synthetical method for the preparation of a lactone of the formula CH3\ \C -CHB-CH1 C1H5 /I O---I co 2.Discuss the value of the reaction between acid chlorides and oximes (Beckmann's reaction) as a means of ascertaining the structure of the latter. How would vou prepare a ketone of the formula and convert it into its dxime, and wh'at would happen if the oxime were subjected to the Beckmann reaction? 3. State clearly the experimental facts which have led to the adoption of a constitutional formula for one of the following :-Tropine ; Cocaine : Papaverine : Hydrastine.4. Write n short account of the methods of preparation and synthesis of phloroglucinol. Discuss the similarity in properties between this substance and ethyl acetoacetate or ethyl succinylsuccinate.SECTION 11. 5. Give, with all essential practical details, the preparation of 6. Give, with all esseittial pvactical details, a method for the prepara- triphenylcarbinol from ethyl benzoate. tion of anthranilic acid and for its conversion into indigo. 7. Give, with all essential practical details, the method usuallyemployed for the preparation of terephthalic acid from p-toluidine. TUESDA P and TVEDNESDA Y, JUT, P 5th and Gth, 1910: 10 a.wz. to 4.30 21.m. Investigate the substance, E, and endeavour to identify it. Oxidise the substance with permanganate, purify the acid produced, determine its melting point and other physical properties, convert it into the silver salt and determine the percentage of silver which it contains.(Anethol.)Nitrate the sample of benzaldchyde and prepare a pure sample of the nitro-derivative. THURSDAY and PRIDAY, JULY 7th and 8th, 1910: 10 a.m. to 4.80 p.m. From the benzaldehyde supplied prepare benzoin, benzil, benzilic acid and niandelic acid. Determine the melting points of these and leave pure specimens carefully labelled. 25 EXAMINATION PAPERS, 1910. Branch (c).-The Chemistry of Food and Drugs and of Water. (At the INSTITUTE.) AIONDSY, JULY llth, 1910 : 10 am. to 4.30 II.?~. 1. Exaniinc the smiple of ‘‘ bread and butter ” as if submitted to you under the Sale of Food and Drugs Acts, aiid report upon it, using the official form supplied to you.2. Analyse and report upon the sample of sugar. TUESDA1-,JCLY 12t14 1910 : 10 a.in. to 1 p.m 1. Explain briefly the construction and use of the substage condenser of the microscope. 2. Describe shortly the methods in common use for the aestruction of organic matter prior to the examination of organic mixtures for poisonous metals. 3. ilssuniing that you have obtained by aiialysis the results set forth below, write certificates of analysis for each of the samples as if for a prosecution under the “ Sale of Food and Drugs Acts ”-(a) Milk: Specific Gravity 1.0285. Total Solids 10.05 per cent. Fat 2.40. (b) Skiiniiied Xilk : ((0 (6)Specific Gravity 1.030 1-0337. Total Solids 9.40 8.70. Fat 1.45 -10. Cc) Gin: Tot,al solids 5.5 per cent.Specific Gravity of -9639(= 55.18 per cent. alcoholic distillate of proof spirit.) (d) Fluid Magnesia : Weight of total solids after iiiciiieration -0.185 per cent. w/v. According to the British I’harmacopceia, 20 C.C. of Liquor Nagnesii Carbonatis should yield upon evaporation to dryness “ a white residue of pure Hydrous Nagnesium Carbonate, which after being calcined weighs between 0.16 aiid 0.19 gram.”) (To be ai~siv~i~ecr!a separate note-book.)in 1. Give a list of the official compounds of lead and their preparations, mentioning the dose and uses of each. In what ways may “chronic lead poisoning” arise, what are its symptoms, and what precautions should be taken by lead workers to prevent its occurrence ? 2.Describe how Strychnine is prepared. Give a list of official preparations containing Strychnine, and the strength and dose of each, with the method of standardisation of one of them, What post ntortenz changes visible to the naked eye occur in Strychnine poisoning ? Describe briefly how the poison may be detected in the organs of the body. 3. Mention the mode of preparation, action and uses of the following :-Pepsin, Liquor Pancreaticus, Thyroideum Siccum. EXAMINATION PAPERS, 1910. 2.30 p.m. to 5.30 piit,. (Refwenee Books allotucd.) 1. Examine microscopically the powder, A, and the fabrics, I3 and B2,and report as to their composition. 2. Submit the gastric contents, C. and, D, to the Reinsch best and report from this as to the presence or not of any of the poisons which may be detected by the test.3. Examine microscopically the sediment in the urine, E, and report as to its nature. WEDNESDAY, JULY 13tIt, 1910 : 10 a.m. to 4.3021.111.. 1. Construct from the materials you have at hand an apparatus for the rapid approximate measurement of the carbon dioxide evolved from baking powders and determine the proportion of gas evolved from thc powders supplied you. 2. Determine the proportion of carbolic acid in the carbolic soap. THCRSDdY, JULY lMz, 1‘310 : 10 a.nt. to 4.30 p.m. 1. Examine the pills and identify (a) the chief organic ingredient, and (b) the material of which the coating is made. 2. Examine and report upon the sample of lard. FRIDAY. JULY 15th, 1‘310: 10 a.i~to 4.30 p.in.1. Identify the poisonous substance in the gruel. (Mercuric cyanide.) 2. Cut, stain and mount, as permanent microscopical preparations, sections of the berries supplied you. Sketch and describe the principalstructures which they show. In the E’iital Rxanzi?tations, t7Le Candidates uwrc ezaitiiitetd orally as to tlteiv ge?tcml k1cowlcdgcof Claeinistrg, mid were wquired to fwmslafeFre7tch and Germnit Teehitical litcvatrwc iitto EqlisIb, the ZLSC of dictionavics beiugallowed. In Smnch (e), the Ca?tdidates toela examiited orally aitd practicallu in the vecog?titiow of dtqs and poisoltous chenticals. Final Examination in Mineral Chemistry. HELD ST BRISL’diVE’, QLTEh!NSLAXD, A L-GL-ST, 1910. PAPER. Time allowed ; 8 Hours.1. Draw up a scheme for the proximate analysis of gunpowder,consisting of 75% of potassium nitrate, 10% of sulphur and 15% of charcoal-2. The following substances are heated in a solution of caustic soda :-Zinc, sulphur, aluminium, phosphorus, tin and antimony. State the reactions which occur in each case, giving equations. 3. Describe the two chief processes for the manufacture of sulphuricacid, giving equations for the reactions which occur in each. 27 EXAMINATION PAPERS, ~gro. 4. Write a short account of thc development of methods for liquefying gases, starting with those methods suitable for gases easily liquefied, such as sulphur dioxide, and proceeding to those methods which are necessary for gases difficult to liquefy.such as hydrogen and helium. 5. There are many points of similarity between the metals manganese and iron and between their salts. Make a parallel statement of such similarities, and also indicate a few well-marked differences. 6. A mixture of hydrogen and oxygen in the proportions to form water is exploded in a vessel which is gas-tight and a perfect non-conductor of heat. State what will occur at the moment of explosion and what further occurrences there will be if the vessel is very gradually opened. PRACTICAL.-FIRSTDAY. Make a proximate analysis of the sample of coal and determine its content of sulphur. The determination of the szdplbur ?nay be com@ted on the secoitd day. SECOKDDAS. Make a full qualitative analysis of the sample.THIRDAED FOURTHDAYS. 1. Determine as accurately as possible the C02 and CaO in the sample of limestone. 2. Prepare pure sodium chloride from the sample of rock salt and determine the purity of the product (both sodium and chlorine to be estimated). The preparation may be done on the third day, A specimen of the preparation is to be seitt to the Boayd of Examiners. OCTOBER, 1910. Final Examination for the Associateship. Branch (f).-Biological Chemistry. EXAMI NERS. hkunc ixeia iti BZolog i cu 1 CAPIH istlay : GILBERTJOHNFOWLER,EsQ.,D.Sc., (Vict.), F.I.C. E.ram iizers itL C/Lamisti*y: BLOUNT, HERBERTBERTRAM EsQ.,F.I.C. PROFESSOR JACKSON, F.I.C. PAPER. MONDAY, OCTOBER 17th, 1910: 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. 1.Give an account of the processes of disintegration of cellulose n nature. 28 EXAMINATION PAPERS, 19x0. 2. Discuss the various methods which are in use for the removal of pathogenic organisms from water supplies, pointing out, as far as possible, their relative advantages and disadvantages. 3. What do you understand by reversible enzyme action? In what instances has it been demonstrated? Give in detail the methods of investigation adopted in any one of these instances. 4. How is yeast juice prepared? Describe in detail the chemical changes which have been observed to take pIace during its action on cane-sugar. An oral Examination iiz General Clteitiistrg. PRACTICAL. (Reference Books allowed.) TUESDAY, OCTOBER 18tlz, 1910: 10 am. to 4.30 p.m.Examine and report on the sample of sewage effluent, and determine the amount of chloride of lime necessary to eliminate B. coli. NOTE.-These Exercises may be contiimed dm-ing the ,followingdays of the exaininatioit, b?Lt tlie Candidate ntust desciibe in his notes to-day what he pioposes to do to complete thcnt. WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 19th, 1910: 10 a.iiL. to 4.30pIit. Determine the organisms supplied. (Beggiatoa, Crenothrix,Enteriditis Sporogenes, Saccharomyces Apiculatus.) Examine the specimen of soil for the presence of nitrous, nitric, and denitrifying organisms. NOTE.-This Exercise mail be completed to-morrow, but the Candidate mt& describe in l~isnotes to-day what he proposes to do to complete it. d I1 nticroscopical preTarations must be subntitted to the Examinei..THURSDAY,OCTOBER 20tk, 1910:10 a.m. to 4.30p.n~. Examine the sample of malt for the enzyme cytase. Determine the diastatic activity of the malt. NOTE. -This Exercise may be completed to-morrow, but the Caitdidate must describe in his notes to-dag what ke proposes to do to complete it. FRIDAY, OCTOBER 21st, 1910 : 10 a.m. to 4.30p.m. Examine qualitatively, as far as possible in the time, the products of the action of trypsin on gelatin.