Several recent studies as well as theoretical writings indicate the fruitfulness of conceptualizing leadership as associated with differentiation of roles based on functional problems. Findings of a field study of a small social system are reported as to its types of leaders and role structure. While the findings are similar to those reported by others, there are significant departures. The most important difference is in association with the system problem of goal-attainment. The data indicate that system problems are not in themselves sufficient to predict the pattern of role differentiation or the types of leadership which occur in all social systems.