Psychopharmacological agents are in common clinical use in traumatic brain injury rehabilitation despite relatively little formal research on their efficacy. Traditional, large, group studies of drug efficacy are exceedingly difficult and expensive to conduct in a heterogeneous population that is constantly evolving due to spontaneous recovery and non pharmacological, treatment interventions. This article proposes methods for combining individual clinical outcome measures, standardized treatment protocols, and a clinical database to allow integration of research and clinical care. At a minimum, this approach should improve documentation of patient progress. In its most developed form, it offers the potential to demonstrate drug efficacy in specific patient subgroups.