The euphausiid crustaceans from several extensive collections made in the waters around southern Africa have been examined. Forty-two species, belonging to nine genera, are described and fully illustrated. One new species,Thysanopoda subaequalis, is described, and sixteen new distribution records are added. Keys to the genera and species are included. A short comment is made on the hydrographic conditions in the area. The distribution of species is treated briefly, with extra emphasis on those species whose more southern representatives have been investigated by other workers.