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Psychopathology, Temperament, and Past Course in Primary Major Depressions. 1. Review o...
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Psychopathology, Temperament, and Past Course in Primary Major Depressions. 1. Review of Evidence for a Bipolar Spectrum
作者:
H.S. Akiskal,
G.B. Cassano,
L. Musetti,
G. Perugi,
A. Tundo,
V. Mignani,
期刊:
Psychopathology
(Karger Available online 1989)
卷期:
Volume 22,
issue 5
页码: 268-277
ISSN:0254-4962
年代: 1989
DOI:10.1159/000284607
出版商: S. Karger AG
数据来源: Karger
摘要:
In reviewing recent findings on affective conditions in the interface of unipolar and bipolar disorders, we find evidence favoring a partial return to Kraepelin’s broad concept of manic-depressive illness, which included many recurrent depressives and temperamental variants. This review addresses methodologic, clinical, and familial considerations in the definition and characterization of a proposed spectrum of bipolar disorders which subsumes episodic and chronic forms. Episodic bipolar disorders are subclassified into bipolar schizoaffective, and bipolar I and II, and bipolar III or pseudo-unipolar forms. Chronic bipolar disorders could be either intermittent or persistent, and are subclassified into chronic mania, protracted mixed states, and rapid-cycling forms, as well as the classical temperaments (cyclothymic, hyperthymic, irritable and dysthymic
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