The authors compared anesthesia faculties with the rest of medical school faculties at each of four academic ranks and found a significant difference in proportion of men and women anesthesia faculty members at the assistant professor rank only (P< 0.001). When the faculty status of women and men academic anesthesiologists was examined a significant difference was found in rank distribution in age groups 40 to 44 (P< 0.005) and 45 to 49 (P< 0.001), where there was a deficit of professors and a surfeit of instructors among women. Significant differences in distribution continued at age 50–54 (P< 0.01), 55–59 (P< 0.001), and 60–64 (P< 0.005), primarily at professor and assistant professor ranks. In addition, there was significantly lower prevalence of board certification (P< 0.001) and level of responsibilities for women (P< 0.001). There was no significant difference in tenure status.