AbstractTrichostomum bombayenseC.M. is typified andT. cylindrothecaMitt. reduced to synonymy under it. The records ofTrichostomumspecies from Ceylon are critically examined andT. tenuirostre(Hook.&Tayl.) Lindb. removed from the Ceylon moss flora. Records ofT. orthodontum(C.M.) Broth. andT. cuspidatum(D.&M.) D.&M. hitherto published are based on misidentifications, but new records are given of both. Differences betweenT. cuspidatumandT. stenophyllum(Mitt.) Broth., which latter binomial is not a homonym asIndex Muscorumstates, are dealt with and illustrated by S.E.M. photographs.T. stenophyllumis a good species which has been relegated to extraordinary synonymy in the past.