The multiple-choice examination that appears at the end of this article is designed to test your understanding of the following article according to the educational objectives listed below. This article and accompanying examination are part of the TEM Continuing Education Curriculum. If you have not registered for this course and wish to enroll, refer to the announcement on page iv. Given a closed-book, multiple-choice examination, the enrollee should be able to apply the information leamed in the journal article in answening all the test items that require him/her to: 1. Describe the pathophysiology involved in acid-base balance. 2. Explain methods of diagnosing acid-base imbalance. 3. Identify physiologic causes of acid-base imbalances. 4. Determine appropriate therapeutic regimes for the patient with an acid-base imbalance.