Two Ecuadorian species belonging toCalatheaseriesComosae(Petersen) Schumann are described as new. Their inflorescences are characterized by the presence of both fertile and sterile bracts. The fertile and sterile bracts are similar morphologically inC. ecuadorianabut strongly dimorphic inC. contrafenestra. Differences in floral morphology and chromosome number which correlate with bract morphology indicateCalatheaseriesComosaeas currently defined is probably diphyletic.