AbstractHaving no nuclear weapons, it may be surprising that Japan is so dependent on nuclear power — for about 21% of electricity generated. Originally Japan imported nuclear technology and fuel, but is now developing the Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR) program which could make her self-reliant. Economics and politics have constrained this development, and there is increasing global pressure to reduce plutonium use and to improve waste disposal. More aggressive R&D may be required to demonstrate the competitive merits of the FBR option.