Summary:Traumatic and pathologic humeral shaft fractures and fractures of the proximal humerus represent approximately 3% of all fracutres in children. Even in severe malalignments, especially in children under the age of 10 to 12 years, growth disturbance is very seldom and there is a wide range of tolerance. As in proximal humerus fractures and humeral shaft fractures, the conservative treatment approach is the method of choice. For diagnosis, radiography in two planes is sufficient. Only a few extremely displaced fracutres have to be treated by intramedullary ascending and descending nailing. Pathologic fractures of the humerus represent 0.2% of fractures in children and are extremely rare. Approximately 50% of pathologic fractures are caused by unicameral bone cysts, and they are best treated by long‐term intermedullary nailing.