SummaryIn this project, we examined the spectrum of AIDS-related conditions and variations in associated inpatient mortality for AIDS patients treated in a national sample of hospitals. We identified 10,538 adult discharges with a diagnosis indicating AIDS from 258 hospitals from a national sample of 438 acute-care hospitals with 6 million discharges in 1986–1987. Opportunistic and other infections occurred in 55.9 and 37.9%, respectively, of AIDS discharges, and inpatient fatality rates varied considerably depending on complication type(s) and comorbidities. Clinical conditions were more important predictors of inpatient death than demographic or treatment site characteristics. Among opportunistic infections, odds of inpatient death were significantly increased for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (odds ratio [OR] = 2.8),Pneu-mocystis cariniipneumonia (OR = 2.4), cryptococcosis (OR = 1.6), atypical mycobacterial infections (OR = 1.6), and toxoplasmosis (OR = 1.3). Odds of inpatient death were also significantly increased by non-AIDS-defining infections causing septicemia (OR = 3.1) or CNS involvement (OR = 1.6) or pulmonary involvement (OR = 1.5). After controlling for clinical conditions, significant differences in odds of death persisted across regions, age, and ethnic groups. Increases in hospitals' AIDS treatment experience were associated with a significant decrease in odds of inpatient death. These analyses provide a national perspective on the diversity of AIDS-related clinical conditions and their relative effects on inpatient mortality.