Morphologic Basis for a Pore-Pathway in Mammalian Stratum Corneum
作者:
Gopinathan K. Menon,
Peter M. Elias,
期刊:
Skin Pharmacology and Physiology
(Karger Available online 1997)
卷期:
Volume 10,
issue 5-6
页码: 235-246
ISSN:1660-5527
年代: 1997
DOI:10.1159/000211511
出版商: S. Karger AG
关键词: Electron microscopy;Percutaneous absorption;Transdermal drug delivery;Stratum corneum lipids
数据来源: Karger
摘要:
Although prior morphologic studies have shown that both polar and nonpolar materials permeate across the stratum corneum (SC) via a paracellular route, the actual pathway through these heterogeneous domains is unknown. We applied hydrophilic and hydrophobic tracers in vivo to murine skin under basal conditions and/or after permeation enhancement with occlusion, vehicle enhancers, a lipid synthesis inhibitor, sonophoresis, and iontophoresis. Ruthenium tetroxide, ruthenium red plus osmium tetroxide, in situ precipitation with osmium vapor, and microwave postfixation methods were used to visualize penetration pathways. Tracers invariably localized to discrete lacunar domains, embedded within the extracellular lamellar membrane system, regardless of their polarity or the enhancement method. Moreover, while the lacunar domains remained discontinuous under basal conditions, they appeared to gain structural continuity with permeation enhancement. These results indicate that extracellular lacunar domains comprise a pore pathway for penetration of polar and nonpolar molecules across the SC.
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