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DESIGN OF A SENSITIVE AND PRACTICAL CONSTANT HEAD STALAGMOMETER

 

作者: R. MALIK,   B. JHORAR,  

 

期刊: Soil Science  (OVID Available online 1992)
卷期: Volume 153, issue 1  

页码: 37-41

 

ISSN:0038-075X

 

年代: 1992

 

出版商: OVID

 

数据来源: OVID

 

摘要:

We designed a two piece, constant head stalagmometer consisting of a capillary tube of 10-cm length connected with a 10-ml mariotte burrette. It measures volume of 10 drops of given and reference liquid to estimate surface tension from the drop-volume method. This paper reports the results of the laboratory tests in water (reference liquid), acetic acid, benzene, and ethyl alcohol and its mixture with water at 5, 10, 20, 40, and 60 per cent concentration for different numbers of drops. Fifteen stalagmometer runs were conducted to compare drop weight method with drop volume method at 50 drops for designed constant head (DCH) stalagmometer. Error percentage (E%) and coefficient of variation (CV) were higher for the drop weight method than the volume weight method in the DCH stalagmometer. Mean surface tensions obtained with this stalagmometer are not significantly different from those with a conventional variable head (CVH) stalagmometer for 50 drops for all liquids. Measurements with a DCH stalagmometer are more reproducible and accurate. The error percentage and coefficient of variation in surface tension remained <1.7 and <1.0 per cent, respectively. The corresponding values of the CVH stalagmometer are <6.6 and <3.0 per cent, respectively. The DCH stalagmometer does not present liquid-filling problems. The time required to carry out a single run is reduced from 384 to 21 seconds. Its drop-falling rate can be adjusted by adjusting the height of the bubble tube, making it usable for all types of liquids. Its liquid requirement is low (1 ml/run) and, therefore, it is more practical, especially for soil extracts whose supply is often limited. Error percentage remains more or less constant in the DCH stalagmometer with increasing numbers of drops, whereas it decreases sharply in the CVH stalagmometer. The maximum error percentage for 10 drops among all liquids was 5 per cent in the DCH stalagmometer. The corresponding value for CVH stalagmometer was 45 per cent.

 

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