AbstractFive patients with refractory anemia were treated with high‐dose methylprednisolone. An immediate and long‐lasting hematological improvement without serious side effects was achieved in two of the patients, although chromosomal abnormalities persisted in both. The clinical course and laboratory data of these two patients are described. Restoration of normal hematopoiesis was achieved regardless of the enhancement of colony formation of granulocyte progenitor cells by the simultaneous addition of hydrocortisone in vitro. The same treatment was given to six patients who had refractory anemia with an excess of myeloblasts (RAEB), but no improvement was observed in any of these patients. It appears that high‐dose methylprednisolone can be valuable in the treatment of refractory anemia, but is not useful for